实战Nagios网络监控（1）——监控本机运行状态和Mysq主机
Nagios是一个监视系统运行状态和网络信息的监视系统。Nagios能监视所指定的本地或远程主机以及服务，同时提供异常通知功能等。
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Nagios可运行在Linux/Unix平台之上，同时提供一个可选的基于浏览器的WEB界面以方便系统管理人员查看网络状态，各种系统问题，以及日志等等
实验环境：
物理主机redhat7.0 内核版本 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
虚拟机redhat6.5 内核版本 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
服务器端： server1.example.com172.25.254.1
所需软件包:
gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
nagios-cn-3.2.3.tar.bz2
nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz
1.编译nagios
(1).准备安装
[root@server1 mnt]# tar jxf nagios-cn-3.2.3.tar.bz2
[root@server1 mnt]# mv nagios-cn-3.2.3 /root/
[root@server1 mnt]# yum install gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc -y ##为./configure做准备
(2).编译安装
[root@server1 mnt]# cd /root/nagios-cn-3.2.3/
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# ./configure
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# useradd -u 900 -M -d /usr/local/nagios nagios
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make all
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make install-init
*** Init script installed ***
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make install-commandmode
*** External command directory configured ***
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make install-config
*** Config files installed ***
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# make install-webconf
*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***
(3).修改登陆用户密码
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users ##查看密码
nagiosadmin:gCWSDnqEHR45c
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# htpasswd /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
New password: ##更改密码
Re-type new password:
Updating password for user nagiosadmin
(4)启动服务
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
[root@server1 nagios-cn-3.2.3]# /etc/init.d/nagios start
Starting nagios: done.
(5)浏览器访问:172.25.254.6/nagios,用户为nagiosadmin,密码为自己刚改的密码。
2.排除故障
可以看到刚安装的nagios不能监控到主机的状态，需要安装插件排除故障
(1)[root@server1 0722-监控-nagios]# cd /mnt/
[root@server1 mnt]# tar -zxf nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz
[root@server1 mnt]# mv nagios-plugins-2.1.1 /root/
[root@server1 mnt]# cd /root/nagios-plugins-2.1.1/
(2)编译插件
[root@server1 nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# yum install MySQL-devel openssl-devel -y #编译所需软件包
[root@server1 nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# ./configure
*****************************************************************************************
config.status: creating po/Makefile
--with-apt-get-command:
--with-ping6-command: /bin/ping6 -n -U -w %d -c %d %s
--with-ping-command: /bin/ping -n -U -w %d -c %d %s
--with-ipv6: yes
--with-mysql: /usr/bin/mysql_config##不能为no,如果为no,则 yum install mysql-devel -y
--with-openssl: yes ##不能为no,如果为no,则 yum install openssh-devel -y
--with-gnutls: no
--enable-extra-opts: yes
--with-perl: /usr/bin/perl
--enable-perl-modules: no
--with-cgiurl: /nagios/cgi-bin
--with-trusted-path: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
--enable-libtap: no
*****************************************************************************************
<2>make
<3>make install
(3)cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
<1>ll
<2>chown nagios.nagios *##更改所有文件的所属用户和所属组为nagios
<3>id apache
usermod -G nagios apache
id apache
*********************************************
[root@server6 libexec]# id apache
uid=48(apache) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache),900(nagios)
*********************************************
(3).编辑配置文件
(3.1)
[root@server1 nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
30 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
31 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
32 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg
33 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
34 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg
35 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
36
37 # Definitions for monitoring the local (Linux) host
38 #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg
(3.2)
[root@server1 nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/
[root@server1 objects]# cp -p localhost.cfg hosts.conf
[root@server1 objects]# cp -p localhost.cfg services.cfg
[root@server1 objects]# cp -p localhost.cfg hosts.cfg
(3.3)
[root@server1 objects]# vim hosts.cfg
###############################################################################
# Define a host for the local machine
define host{
use linux-server ; 给网络设备用的
host_name 监控主机
alias MainSwitch
address 127.0.0.1
icon_p_w_picpath switch.gif
statusmap_p_w_picpath switch.gd2
2d_coords 100,200
3d_coords 100,200,100
}
###############################################################################
#
# HOST GROUP DEFINITION
#
###############################################################################
###############################################################################
# Define an optional hostgroup for Linux machines
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
members * ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
}
###############################################################################
(3.4)[root@server1 objects]# vim services.cfg
define servicegroup{
servicegroup_name 系统状态检查
alias 系统概况
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name *
service_description PING
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description 根分区
check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description 登录用户数
check_command check_local_users!20!50
}
# Define a service to check the number of currently running procs
# on the local machine. Warning if > 250 processes, critical if
# > 400 users.
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description 进程总数
check_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description 系统负荷
check_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description 交换空间利用率
check_command check_local_swap!20!10
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description SSH
check_command check_tcp!22!1.0!10.0
notifications_enabled 0
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name 监控主机
service_description HTTP
check_command check_http
notifications_enabled 0
}
(3.5)[root@server1 objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
##检测有无错误
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check
(3.6)
[root@server1 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload
Running configuration check...done.
Reloading nagios configuration...done
浏览器刷新浏览:172.25.254.1/nagios
3.加个mysql服务
[root@server1 ~]# yum install mysql-server -y
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server1 ~]# mysql
> show databases;
> grant select on test.* to nagios@localhost identified by 'redaht';
[root@server1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec
[root@server1 libexec]# ./check_mysql -H localhost -u nagios -p westos
Uptime: 12566 Threads: 10 Questions: 207453 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 130 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 42 Queries per second avg: 16.509|Connections=421c;;; Open_files=80;;; Open_tables=42;;; Qcache_free_memory=0;;; Qcache_hits=0c;;; Qcache_inserts=0c;;; Qcache_lowmem_prunes=0c;;; Qcache_not_cached=0c;;; Qcache_queries_in_cache=0;;; Queries=207453c;;; Questions=207453c;;; Table_locks_waited=5c;;; Threads_connected=10;;; Threads_running=1;;; Uptime=12566c;;;
*********************************************************************************
[root@server1 libexec]cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
[root@server1 objects] vim command.cfg
*********************************************************************************
212 # 'check_mysql' command definition
213 define command{
214 command_name check_mysql
215 command_line $USER1$/check_mysql -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -u $ARG1$ -p $ARG2$
216 }
*********************************************************************************
[root@server1 objects] vim hosts.cfg
*********************************************************************************
14 # Define a host for the mysql on server4.example.com
15 define host{
16 use linux-server
17 host_name server4.example.com
18 alias mysql
19 # parents MainSwitch
20 address 127.0.0.1
21 icon_p_w_picpath server.gif
22 statusmap_p_w_picpath server.gd2
23 2d_coords 400,100 ##2D坐标位置
24 3d_coords 400,200,100 ##3D坐标位置
25 }
*********************************************************************************
[root@server1 objects] vim services.cfg
*********************************************************************************
109 ################check_mysql##########################
110 define service{
111 use local-service ; Name of service template to use
112 host_name server4.example.com
113 service_description mysql
114 check_command check_mysql!nagios!westos
115 notifications_enabled 0
116 }
*********************************************************************************
[root@server1 objects] /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg##检查
(4)浏览器刷新浏览:172.25.254.1/nagios
可以看到多了一个Mysql监控
本文名称：实战Nagios网络监控（1）——监控本机运行状态和Mysq主机
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