怎样理解ASP.NET的设计思想
这篇文章给大家介绍怎样理解ASP.NET的设计思想，内容非常详细，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴，希望对大家能有所帮助。
成都创新互联成立10多年来，这条路我们正越走越好，积累了技术与客户资源，形成了良好的口碑。为客户提供成都做网站、成都网站制作、网站策划、网页设计、主机域名、网络营销、VI设计、网站改版、漏洞修补等服务。网站是否美观、功能强大、用户体验好、性价比高、打开快等等，这些对于网站建设都非常重要，成都创新互联通过对建站技术性的掌握、对创意设计的研究为客户提供一站式互联网解决方案，携手广大客户，共同发展进步。
自从有了html与http，就有了浏览器与Web服务器，并有了Web应用，最初的交互模式是这样的：
该模式很好地运行了很多年。然而，随着计算机应用的发展，人们越来越不满足于只有静态内容的页面，而由某种机制动态产生html等代码的需求越来越迫切，于是，很多技术就应运而生，ASP.NET就是这样一种技术。从本质上讲，ASP.NET就是一种服务器端动态产生html、css、javascript等浏览器认识的代码的技术。ASP.NET的交互模式如下：
由该图可知，ASP.NET必须解决两大问题，一是如何与Web服务器（一般就是指IIS）进行交互，二是如何根据不同请求产生不同的html等代码。
***个问题，根据IIS版本（5.*，6.0，7.0）的不同，ASP.NET具有不同的进程模式与不同的交互模式，该问题不是本篇要讲述的。一般来说，大家不必关心该问题，而且要了解该问题，又必须清楚IIS各个版本的模型，而各个版本又各有各的不同，因此，我基本不准备讲述这个问题，大家有兴趣的话，可以自行搜索相关资料。
我们来讨论第二个问题，这里首先要说明的是，因为IIS7.0进程模式的变化比较大，我也没去了解IIS7.0的模型，因此，以下讲述及以后讲述将只针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0。我们有理由认为，针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0的讲述一般同样适用于IIS7.0。
先且按下该问题不表，我们来看一段请求玉帝把大象放到冰箱里的代码（为什么不是上帝？因为我中华不归上帝管），请大家先跟着我的思路来，别急，别急。
System;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
11_Open_Text').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_45_2811_Closed_Image').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_45_2811_Closed_Text').style.display='inline';" src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047402.gif" align=top>[object Object] Program
[object Object][object Object] void Main(string[] args)
[object Object][object Object] Emperor();
[object Object] while (true)
[object Object][object Object] elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[object Object] int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[object Object] string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object]
[object Object] Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] Context context = new Context()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[object Object]
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[object Object] string answer = Console.ReadLine();
if (answer == "n")
break;
}
[object Object] }
}
class Emperor
void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object]
[object Object] //第二步，把大象放进去
[object Object] refrigerator.Content = elephant;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[object Object]
[object Object] //第三步，关上冰箱门
[object Object] refrigerator.IsOpen = false;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Elephant
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public int Weight; set; }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Refrigerator
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public bool IsOpen ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] private object m_Content;
[object Object] public object Content
[object Object][object Object] this.m_Content; }
[object Object] set
[object Object][object Object] (!this.IsOpen)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[object Object] if (this.m_Content != null)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[object Object]
[object Object] this.m_Content = value;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Context
[object Object][object Object] Elephant Elephant ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public Refrigerator Refrigerator ; set; }
[object Object] }
[object Object]}请大家先认真读懂该代码，该代码不会有问题吧，如果有问题，那么还请你一定先读懂该代码再往下看。
后来，玉帝累了，他想啊，我堂堂玉帝，居然亲自干这种没含量的活，但是顾客是玉帝的玉帝，又不能不干。于是，玉帝找了两个手下（把门大神、神象星宿）来帮他干活。
_Text_112146').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Image_112146').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Text_112146').style.display='inline';" height=16 src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047403.gif" width=11 align=top>[object Object] System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
[object Object][object Object] Program
[object Object][object Object] void Main(string[] args)
[object Object][object Object] Emperor();
[object Object] emperor.Init();
[object Object]
[object Object] while (true)
[object Object][object Object] elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[object Object] int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[object Object] string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object]
[object Object] Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] Context context = new Context()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[object Object]
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[object Object] string answer = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object] if (answer == "n")
[object Object] break;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Emperor
[object Object][object Object] IList m_Modules;
[object Object][object Object] public Context Context ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] public void Init()
[object Object][object Object] List();
[object Object] m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule());
[object Object] m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[object Object]
[object Object] foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules)
[object Object][object Object] );
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] public void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[object Object][object Object] .Context = context;
[object Object]
[object Object] this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor();
[object Object] this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator();
[object Object] this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor();
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[object Object] public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor()
[object Object][object Object] .OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator()
[object Object][object Object] .PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor()
[object Object][object Object] .CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Elephant
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public int Weight; set; }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Refrigerator
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public bool IsOpen ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] private object m_Content;
[object Object] public object Content
[object Object][object Object] this.m_Content; }
[object Object] set
[object Object][object Object] (!this.IsOpen)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[object Object] if (this.m_Content != null)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[object Object]
[object Object] this.m_Content = value;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Context
[object Object][object Object] Elephant Elephant ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public Refrigerator Refrigerator ; set; }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] interface IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] Init(Emperor emperor);
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule : IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] void Init(Emperor emperor)
[object Object][object Object] EventHandler(this.OpenDoor);
[object Object] emperor.CloseRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.CloseDoor);
[object Object] }
[object Object] #endregion
[object Object]
[object Object] private void OpenDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] private void CloseDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] void Init(Emperor emperor)
[object Object][object Object] EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator);
[object Object] }
[object Object] #endregion
[object Object]
[object Object] private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] .Format("玉帝的神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]} 观测该代码有哪些变化？玉帝增加了一个Init方法，该方法召集了那些干活的手下，并交待手下你们要干的事情（初始化）。所有手下都继承自IEmperorModule接口，该接口有一个Init方法，以初始化该手下能干的活。玉帝的ProcessRequest方法不再亲自干活了，而仅仅是在那边喊，该开门了，该把大象放进去了，该关门了。
来点题外话，上面代码应用了模板方法模式，或者说是模板方法的变种。什么，不是，没有抽象类，没有抽象方法，没有子类？请问，模板方法一定要有抽象类吗？一定要有抽象方法吗？一定要有子类吗？我想，模板方法的精髓，在于它规定了特定的步骤算法，而这些步骤在必要的时候可以委托给其它方法实现。在传统的模板方法中，是委托给子类实现，而在我们拥有委托的情况下，难道我们不能委托给其它类实现吗？其实，我想，学习设计模式，不要拘泥于形式，而要掌握其精髓，并灵活运用。就Gof的23种设计模式来说，我觉得其精髓几乎全部可由一句话概括。）
天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，某一天，这神象星宿病了，他赶不动超过1000斤的大象了，怎么办？玉帝于是又召集了超级神象星宿，可但凡有点能耐的都有点脾气，超级神象星宿表示，只有其它人赶不动的大象他才来赶。
[object Object][object Object] System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ConsoleApplication3
[object Object][object Object] Program
[object Object][object Object] void Main(string[] args)
[object Object][object Object] Emperor();
[object Object] emperor.Init();
[object Object]
[object Object] while (true)
[object Object][object Object] elephantName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重：");
[object Object] int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字：");
[object Object] string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object]
[object Object] Elephant elephant = new Elephant()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] Context context = new Context()
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object]
[object Object] emperor.ProcessRequest(context);
[object Object]
[object Object] Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？");
[object Object] string answer = Console.ReadLine();
[object Object] if (answer == "n")
[object Object] break;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Emperor
[object Object][object Object] IList m_Modules;
[object Object][object Object] public Context Context ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] public void Init()
[object Object][object Object] List();
[object Object] m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule());
[object Object] m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[object Object] m_Modules.Add(new SuperPutElephantToRefrigeratorModule());
[object Object]
[object Object] foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules)
[object Object][object Object] );
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] public void ProcessRequest(Context context)
[object Object][object Object] .Context = context;
[object Object]
[object Object] this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor();
[object Object] this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator();
[object Object] this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor();
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[object Object] public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor()
[object Object][object Object] .OpenRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator()
[object Object][object Object] .PutElephantToRefrigerator;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor()
[object Object][object Object] .CloseRefrigeratorDoor;
[object Object] if (handler != null)
[object Object][object Object] , EventArgs.Empty);
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Elephant
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public int Weight; set; }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Refrigerator
[object Object][object Object] string Name ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public bool IsOpen ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] private object m_Content;
[object Object] public object Content
[object Object][object Object] this.m_Content; }
[object Object] set
[object Object]Id('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Closed_Text').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Open_Image').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Codehighlighter1_3485_3771_Open_Text').style.display='inline';" src="/files/uploadimg/20090423/1047407.gif" align=top> (!this.IsOpen)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。");
[object Object] if (this.m_Content != null)
[object Object] throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。");
[object Object]
[object Object] this.m_Content = value;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class Context
[object Object][object Object] Elephant Elephant ; set; }
[object Object][object Object] public Refrigerator Refrigerator ; set; }
[object Object]
[object Object] private IDictionary m_Items;
[object Object] public IDictionary Items
[object Object][object Object]
[object Object][object Object] none; BORDER-LEFT: #808080 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #808080 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff">[object Object] (this.m_Items == null)
[object Object] this.m_Items = new Dictionary();
[object Object] return this.m_Items;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] interface IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] Init(Emperor emperor);
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule : IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] void Init(Emperor emperor)
[object Object][object Object] EventHandler(this.OpenDoor);
[object Object] emperor.CloseRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.CloseDoor);
[object Object] }
[object Object] #endregion
[object Object]
[object Object] private void OpenDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] private void CloseDoor(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] void Init(Emperor emperor)
[object Object][object Object] EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator);
[object Object] }
[object Object] #endregion
[object Object]
[object Object] private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] (elephant.Weight > 1000)
[object Object][object Object]
[object Object] else
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] class SuperPutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule
[object Object][object Object] void Init(Emperor emperor)
[object Object][object Object] EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator);
[object Object] }
[object Object] #endregion
[object Object]
[object Object] private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e)
[object Object][object Object] hasPutElephant;
[object Object] if (emperor.Context.Items.TryGetValue("HasPutElephant", out hasPutElephant))
[object Object][object Object] (hasPutElephant is bool && ((bool)hasPutElephant) == true)
[object Object][object Object] ;
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]
[object Object] refrigerator.Content = elephant;
[object Object] emperor.Context.Items["HasPutElephant"] = true;
[object Object] Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的超级神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name));
[object Object] }
[object Object] }
[object Object]} 仔细琢磨该代码，请问你发现了什么？如果你发现的是灵活的可扩展性和可配置性，以及各手下之间的交互，那么恭喜你，你悟性很高。如果你还发现了职责链模式，那么恭喜你，你悟性非常高。（该代码中两个神象星宿的交互完全可以通过在Context中增加一个bool值属性来实现，之所有这里用Items字典，是为了演示如果你不具有修改Context的源代码的时候，该如何处理。）
好了，ASP.NET的设计思想讲完了。什么，还没开始？你没发现我们的Program就是HttpRuntime、Emperor就是HttpApplication、Context就是HttpContext、IEmperorModule就是IHttpModule吗？什么，没发现？那么，让我们来看看ASP.NET的源代码吧。（本想把整个方法的源代码都贴上来，但是显得过于冗长，因此删掉非关键代码，并以//……省略……代替。）
如此，你明白了吗？
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