ELK日志分析系统实践
一、ELK介绍
官网：
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https://www.elastic.co/cn/中文指南
https://legacy.gitbook.com/book/chenryn/elk-stack-guide-cn/detailsELK Stack（5.0版本后）-->Elastic Stack相当于ELK Stack+Beats
ELK Stack包含：Elaticsearch、Logstash、Kibana
Elasticsearch是实时全文搜索和分析引擎，提供搜集、分析、存储数据三大功能；是一套REST和JAVA API开放且提供高效搜索功能，可扩展的分布式系统。它构建于Apache Lucene搜索引擎库之上。
Logstash用来采集(它支持几乎任何类型的日志，包括系统日志、错误日志和自定义应用程序日志)日志，把日志解析为json格式交给ElasticSearch
Kibana是一个基于Web图形界面，用于搜索、分析和可视化显示存储在 Elasticsearch指标中的日志数据。它利用Elasticsearch的REST接口来检索数据，不仅允许用户创建他们自己的数据的定制仪表板视图，还允许他们以特殊的方式查询和过滤数据
Beats是一个轻量级日志采集器，在早期的ELK架构中使用Logstash收集、解析日志，但是Logstash对内存、CPU、IO等资源消耗比较高，和Beates相比，Beates占用系统CPU、内存基本上可以忽略不计
- x-pack对Elastic Stack提供了安全，警报，监控，报表于一身的扩展包，这块组件是收费的，并非开源
二、ELK架构
三、ELK安装
环境准备
1.配置节点互相解析
[root@node-11 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.71.11.1 node-1
10.71.11.2 node-2
10.71.11.11 node-112.每个节点安装jdk
[root@node-11 ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk查看jdk版本
[root@node-1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)特别说明：目前logstash不支持java9
安装Elasticsearch
注：三个节点都执行以下命令
导入key
rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch配置yum源
[root@node-1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[elasticsearch-6.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 6.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artitacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md更新缓存
yum makecache考虑到软件包下载速度较慢，采用rpm包安装elasticsearch
rpm下载地址：
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch把下载的rpm包上传到节点且安装
rpm -ivh elasticsearch-6.2.3.rpm编辑/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml，增加或者修改以下参数
##定义elk集群名字、节点名字
cluster.name: cluster_elk
node.name: node-1
node.master: true
node.data: false
#定义主机名IP和端口
network.host: 10.71.11.1
http.port: 9200
##定义集群节点
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node-1","node-2","node-11"]把node-1上的配置文件/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml拷贝到node-2和node-11
[root@node-1 ~]# scp !$ node-2:/tmp/
scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml node-2:/tmp/
elasticsearch.yml 100% 3001 3.6MB/s 00:00
[root@node-1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml node-11:/tmp/
root@node-11's password:
elasticsearch.yml
[root@node-11 yum.repos.d]# cp /tmp/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml’? y
[root@node-11 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml在node-2上编辑/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
#cluster.name: my-application
cluster.name: cluster_elk
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
#node.name: node-1
node.name: node-2
node.master: false
node.data: true
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
#
# Path to log files:
#
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 10.71.11.2
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
**discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node-1","node-2","node-11"]**
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
#discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes:
#
# For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------同理修改node-11上的/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 配置文件
在node-1上启动elasticsearch
[root@node-1 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
[root@node-1 ~]# systemctl status elasticsearch
● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-04-12 21:11:28 CST; 12s ago
Docs: http://www.elastic.co
Main PID: 17297 (java)
Tasks: 67
Memory: 1.2G
CGroup: /system.slice/elasticsearch.service
└─17297 /bin/java -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:+AlwaysPre...
Apr 12 21:11:28 node-1 systemd[1]: Started Elasticsearch.
Apr 12 21:11:28 node-1 systemd[1]: Starting Elasticsearch...查看集群日志
[root@node-1 ~]# tail -f /var/log/elasticsearch/cluster_elk.log
[2018-04-12T21:11:34,704] [INFO ] [o.e.d.DiscoveryModule ] [node-1] using discovery type [zen]
[2018-04-12T21:11:35,187] [INFO ] [o.e.n.Node ] [node-1] initialized
[2018-04-12T21:11:35,187] [INFO ] [o.e.n.Node ] [node-1] starting ...
[2018-04-12T21:11:35,370] [INFO ] [o.e.t.TransportService ] [node-1] publish_address {10.71.11.1:9300}, bound_addresses {10.71.11.1:9300}
[2018-04-12T21:11:35,380] [INFO ] [o.e.b.BootstrapChecks ] [node-1] bound or publishing to a non-loopback address, enforcing bootstrap checks
[2018-04-12T21:11:38,423] [INFO ] [o.e.c.s.MasterService ] [node-1] zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined), reason: new_master {node-1}{PVxBZmElTXOHkzavFVFEnA}{xsTmwB7MTwu-8cwwALyTPA}{10.71.11.1}{10.71.11.1:9300}
[2018-04-12T21:11:38,428] [INFO ] [o.e.c.s.ClusterApplierService] [node-1] new_master {node-1}{PVxBZmElTXOHkzavFVFEnA}{xsTmwB7MTwu-8cwwALyTPA}{10.71.11.1}{10.71.11.1:9300}, reason: apply cluster state (from master [master {node-1}{PVxBZmElTXOHkzavFVFEnA}{xsTmwB7MTwu-8cwwALyTPA}{10.71.11.1}{10.71.11.1:9300} committed version [1] source [zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)]])
[2018-04-12T21:11:38,442] [INFO ] [o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [node-1] publish_address {10.71.11.1:9200}, bound_addresses {10.71.11.1:9200}
[2018-04-12T21:11:38,442] [INFO ] [o.e.n.Node ] [node-1] started
[2018-04-12T21:11:38,449] [INFO ] [o.e.g.GatewayService ] [node-1] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state在主节点查看集群健康状态
[root@node-1 ~]# curl '10.71.11.1:9200/_cluster/health?pretty'
{
"cluster_name" : "cluster_elk",
"status" : "green",
"timed_out" : false,
"number_of_nodes" : 1,
"number_of_data_nodes" : 0,
"active_primary_shards" : 0,
"active_shards" : 0,
"relocating_shards" : 0,
"initializing_shards" : 0,
"unassigned_shards" : 0,
"delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
"number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
"number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
"task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
"active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}在node-1点查看集群的详细信息
[root@node-1 ~]# curl '10.71.11.1:9200/_cluster/state?pretty'
{
"cluster_name" : "cluster_elk",
"compressed_size_in_bytes" : 226,
"version" : 2,
"state_uuid" : "-LLN7fEYQJiKZSLqitdOvQ",
"master_node" : "PVxBZmElTXOHkzavFVFEnA",
"blocks" : { },
"nodes" : {
"PVxBZmElTXOHkzavFVFEnA" : {
"name" : "node-1",
"ephemeral_id" : "xsTmwB7MTwu-8cwwALyTPA",
"transport_address" : "10.71.11.1:9300",
"attributes" : { }
}
},
"metadata" : {
"cluster_uuid" : "LaaRmRfRTfOY-ApuNz_nfA",
"templates" : { },
"indices" : { },
"index-graveyard" : {
"tombstones" : [ ]
}
},
"routing_table" : {
"indices" : { }
},
"routing_nodes" : {
"unassigned" : [ ],
"nodes" : { }
},
"snapshots" : {
"snapshots" : [ ]
},
"restore" : {
"snapshots" : [ ]
},
"snapshot_deletions" : {
"snapshot_deletions" : [ ]
}
}安装kibana
注：在node-1节点执行
yum install -y kibana
说明:使用yum安装速度相对较慢，所以使用rpm包安装
下载kibana-6.2.3-x86_64 .rpm并上传到node-1节点安装kibana
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/kibana[root@node-1 ~]# rpm -ivh kibana-6.2.3-x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package kibana-6.2.3-1.x86_64 is already installed编辑/etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.port : 5601 ##配置监听端口，默认监听5601端口
server.host: "10.71.11.1" ##配置服务主机名或者IP，需要注意的是，如果没有安装x-pack组件，就不能设置kibana登录用户和密码，而这里的IP又是配置公网IP的话，任何人都能登录kibana，如果这里配置的IP为内网IP和port，要保证能从公网能登录kibana的话，可以使用nginxu做代理实现
elasticsearch.url: "http://10.71.11.1:9200" ##配置kibana和elasticsearch通信
logging.dest: /var/log/kibana.log ##默认情况下，kibana的日志是在/var/log/message/下。也可以自定义kibana.log路径/var/log/kibana.log
启动kibana服务
[root@node-1 ~]# systemctl start kibana
[root@node-1 ~]# ps aux |grep kibana
kibana 650 109 0.0 944316 99684 ? Rsl 10:59 0:02 /usr/share/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/share/kibana/bin/../src/cli -c /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
root 659 0.0 0.0 112660 976 pts/6 S+ 10:59 0:00 grep --color=auto kib在浏览器上访问Kibana：http://10.71.11.1:5601/
安装logstash
注：无特使说明，以下操作在node-2上完成
下载logstash-6.2.3 .rpm并上传到node-2
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/logstash安装logstash服务
[root@node-2 ~]# ls logstash-6.2.3.rpm
logstash-6.2.3.rpm
[root@node-2 ~]# rpm -ivh logstash-6.2.3.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:logstash-1:6.2.3-1 ################################# [100%]
Using provided startup.options file: /etc/logstash/startup.options
Successfully created system startup script for Logstash配置logstash收集syslog日志
编辑/etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf
input{
syslog{
type =>"system-syslog"
port => 10514
}
}
output{
stdout{
codec=>rubydebug
}
}检测配置文件语法错误
[root@node-2 ~]# cd /usr/share/logstash/bin/
[root@node-2 bin]# ./logstash --path.settings /etc/logstash/ -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf --config.test_and_exit
Sending Logstash's logs to /var/log/logstash which is now configured via log4j2.properties
Configuration OK参数说明：
--path.settings /etc/logstash/ 指定logstash配置文件路径
-f 指定自定义的配置文件
检查是否开启10514监听端口
编辑/etc/rsyslog.conf，在####RULES####添加下面的配置
[root@node-2 ~]# vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
*.* @@10.71.11.2:10514
执行logstash启动命令后，命令行终端不会返回数据，这个和配置etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf定义的函数有关
此时需要重新复制node-2的ssh终端，在新的ssh终端重启rsyslog.service
[root@node-2 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service在新的ssh终端执行ssh node-2命令后
在另外一个node-2的ssh终端会看到有日志信息输出，说明配置logstash收集系统日志成功
以下操作在node-2执行
编辑/etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf
input{
syslog{
type =>"system-syslog"
port => 10514
}
}
output{
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["10.71.11.1:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYY.MM}" ##定义索引
}
}验证配置文件语法是否错误
[root@node-2 ~]# ./logstash --path.settings /etc/logstash/ -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf --config.test_and_exit修改logstash目录权限属主和属组
[root@node-2 bin]# chown -R logstash /var/lib/logstash因为logstash服务过程需要一些时间，当服务启动成功后，9600和10514端口都会被监听
说明：logstash服务日志路径
/var/log/logstash/logstash-plain.log在Kibana上配置收集的日志
先在elasticsearch上查看数据索引
编辑node-2上的/etc/logstash/logstash.yml，添加
http.host: "10.71.11.2"
在node-1上执行下面命令获取索引信息
[root@node-1 ~]# curl '10.71.11.1:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open system-syslog-2018.04 3Za0b5rBTYafhsxQ-A1P-g 5 1 说明：成功生成索引，说明es和logstash通信正常
获取索引的详细信息
[root@node-1 ~]# curl '10.71.11.1:9200/indexname?pretty'
{
"error" : {
"root_cause" : [
{
"type" : "index_not_found_exception",
"reason" : "no such index",
"resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
"resource.id" : "indexname",
"index_uuid" : "_na_",
"index" : "indexname"
}
],
"type" : "index_not_found_exception",
"reason" : "no such index",
"resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
"resource.id" : "indexname",
"index_uuid" : "_na_",
"index" : "indexname"
},
"status" : 404
}收集nginx日志配置
使用Beats采集日志
本文名称：ELK日志分析系统实践
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