Oracle12c中如何创建PDB
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PDB数据库的创建可以从现存的数据库中复制数据文件，包括种子容器、可插拔数据库、non-CDB数据库，创建时可使用CREATE PLUGGABLE、RMAN、以及EM。
在12.1版本中在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB必须处于read
only状态，在12.2版本中，因为undo local
mode新特性的推出，在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB在read write状态，依然可以创建。
另外在12.2版本中Oracle推出了refresh PDB特性，具有对SOURCE PDB进行增量同步的功能。
使用CREATE PLUGGABLE命令可以使用以下资源创建PDB
1.CDB seed (PDB$SEED)
2.克隆已经存在的PDB
Local PDB
Remote PDB
3.non-CDB数据库
4.拔下的PDB使用DBCA可以使用以下资源创建PDB
1.CDB seed (PDB$SEED)
2.RMAN备份
3.拔下的PDB
示例：(这里只演示使用create pluggable database命令方式创建PDB)
使用CDB seed创建PDB
1.在SQL*Plus中输入CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE语句
(这里创建未ypdb1的pdb，管理用户为ypdb1)
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ypdb1 ADMIN USER ypdb1 IDENTIFIED BY oracle
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
DEFAULT TABLESPACE ypdb1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb1/ypdb01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb1/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb1');
ADMIN USER | 用于执行管理任务的本地用户 |
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G) | 指定了PDB可用的最大空间 |
DEFAULT TABLESPACE | 为PDB指定默认的Tablespace |
PATH_PREFIX | 用来限制directory objects/Oracle XML/Create pfile/Oracle wallets所在的目录 |
FILE_NAME_CONVERT | 设置子容器和数据文件副本的位置 |
2.语句执行完毕之后查看创建完成的PDB：
sys. ora12c>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 YPDB1 MOUNTED
sys. ora12c>
克隆已经存在的PDB
这种方式可以通过使用当前CDB中的其他PDB，以及复制远端CDB中的PDB，还可以复制non-CDB数据库创建成PDB。
Clone a Local PDB
在Clone本地PDB时需要注意一下几点：
1.使用的用户必须拥有’CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE’的权限(测试里使用sys用户)
2.源PDB不可以是关闭状态
3.如果CDB为shared undo，PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
4.如果CDB不是归档模式，那么PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
PS:如果是Oracle Database 版本为12.1，那么PDB只能为READ-ONLY状态，因在12.1中undo模式，还只能选择shared undo。
sys. ora12c>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 YPDB1 READ WRITE NO
sys. ora12c>
这里使用YPDB1做为源PDB，创建的PDB为YPDB2。
(1) 检查是否为shared undo模式
COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A30
COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A30
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
(2) 检查是否未archivelog模式
sys. ora12c>ARCHIVE LOG LIST
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/recovery/ora12c/arch
Oldest online log sequence 21
Next log sequence to archive 23
Current log sequence 23
sys. ora12c>
(3) 创建验证数据
yangyuhang. ypdb1>CONN /AS SYSDBA
Connected.
sys. ora12c>conn yangyuhang/yangyuhang@ypdb1
Connected.
yangyuhang. ypdb1>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
COUNT(*)
----------
22198
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
yangyuhang. ypdb1>
(4) 执行CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE语句(这里使用sys用户连接根容器)
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ypdb2 FROM ypdb1
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb1/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/')
SERVICE_NAME_CONVERT = ('ypdb1t','ypdb2t');
(5) 查看创建完成的YPDB2
sys. ora12c>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 YPDB1 READ WRITE NO
4 YPDB2 MOUNTED
sys. ora12c>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED 1453953285 NORMAL 213 2
3 YPDB1 2376019304 NORMAL 697945 3
4 YPDB2 3908707960 NEW 707501 4
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
sys. ora12c>
(6) 检查数据文件
sys. ora12c>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE YPDB2 OPEN;
Pluggable database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:14.02
sys. ora12c>SELECT con_id, tablespace_name, file_name FROM cdb_data_files WHERE con_id=4;
CON_ID TABLESP FILE_NAME
------ ------- ---------------------------------------------------------
4 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/system01.dbf
4 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/sysaux01.dbf
4 DEFTBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/deftbs01.dbf
4 USERTBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/usertbs01.dbf
4 UNDO_1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/system01_i1_undo.dbf
4 YPDB1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ypdb2/ypdb01.dbf
6 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
sys. ora12c>
(7) 检查service_name
sys. ora12c>SELECT service_id, name, network_name, enabled, pdb, con_id FROM cdb_services;
SERVICE_ID NAME NETWORK_NAME ENA PDB CON_ID
---------- ------------------- -------------------- --- --------- ----------
1 SYS$BACKGROUND NO CDB$ROOT 1
2 SYS$USERS NO CDB$ROOT 1
3 ora12c.linux.com ora12c.linux.com NO CDB$ROOT 1
6 ypdb1.linux.com ypdb1.linux.com NO YPDB1 3
1 ypdb1t ypdb1t NO YPDB1 3
1 ypdb2t ypdb2t NO YPDB2 4
2 ypdb2.linux.com ypdb2.linux.com NO YPDB2 4
7 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12c>
源PDB中的service_name已经被更改指定的service_name.
(8) 检查验证数据
sys. ora12c>conn yangyuhang/yangyuhang@ypdb2
Connected.
yangyuhang. ypdb2>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t;
COUNT(*)
----------
22198
Elapsed: 00:00:00.11
yangyuhang. ypdb2>
Creating a PDB by Cloning a Remote PDB
Clone远端PDB时需要注意以下几点：
1.如果PDB被Clone到的CDB的字符集不是AL32UTF8，那么源与目标字符集必须兼容。
2.源端与目标端的字节顺序必须相同.
3.连接的用户在CDB中必须拥有'CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE'的权限
4.源PDB不可以是关闭状态
5.如果远端CDB为shared undo，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
6.如果远端CDB不是归档模式，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
这里测试将win平台ORA12CW中的PDB(ORA12CWPDB)复制到linux的，目标PDB为PDB2。
(1) 查看源端与目标的字符集
col parameter for a30
col value for a30
select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET'
or parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE' or parameter='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';
(2) 查看源端与目标端字节顺序
col platform_name for a40
SELECT d.inst_id, t.platform_id, t.platform_name, t.endian_format, d.name FROM v$transportable_platform t, gv$database d
WHERE t.platform_name = d.platform_name;
(3) 查看源端归档模式
archive log list
(4) 查看源端undo模式
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
(5) 目标端创建dblink
CREATE DATABASE LINK ora12cw CONNECT TO system IDENTIFIED BY oracle USING 'ORA12CW';
(6) 运行CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE语句进行复制PDB
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM ORA12CWPDB@ora12cw
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('D:\U01\APP\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORA12CW\ORA12CWPDB\', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/');
(7) 创建完成后目标端查看PDB2
sys. ora12cl>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
4 PDB2 MOUNTED
5 PDB1 MOUNTED
sys. ora12cl>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED 3409233005 NORMAL 1408788 2
4 PDB2 2218727525 NEW 1824437 4
5 PDB1 1058019921 NORMAL 1535445 5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12cl>
(8) 目标查看数据文件
sys. ora12cl>alter pluggable database pdb2 open;
Pluggable database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:14.02
sys. ora12cl>SELECT con_id, tablespace_name, file_name FROM cdb_data_files WHERE con_id=4;
CON_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
------ --------------- --------------------------------------------------
4 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/SYSTEM01.DBF
4 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/SYSAUX01.DBF
4 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/UNDOTBS01.DBF
4 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb2/USERS01.DBF
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12cl>
克隆远端的PDB成功。
Creating a PDB by Cloning a Non-CDB
Clone远端的non-CDB时需要注意以下几点：
1.连接的用户必须拥有'CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE'的权限
2.non-CDB不可以是关闭状态
4.如果远端non-CDB不是归档模式，那么non-CDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
5.源端与目标端的字节序必须相同.
6.如果创建的PDB来自于non-CDB，那么non-CDB的版本必须在12.1.0.2之后。
7.如果创建的PDB来自于non-CDB，当PDB创建完成后使用SYSDBA权限用户登录PDB运行noncdb_to_pdb.sql脚本，将
这里将源端non-CDB数据库orcl12复制到ora12cl中，命名为PDB3。
(1)查看non-CDB数据库版本
SELECT * FROM v$version;
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
(2)查看远端non-CDB数据库模式
SELECT dbid, name, open_mode, cdb FROM v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE CDB
---------- --------- -------------------- ---
3544959965 ORCL12 READ WRITE NO
(3)查看non-CDB数据库是否为归档模式
ARCHIVE LOG LIST
(4)查看源端与目标端字节顺序
col platform_name for a40
SELECT d.inst_id, t.platform_id, t.platform_name, t.endian_format, d.name FROM v$transportable_platform t, gv$database d
WHERE t.platform_name = d.platform_name;
(5)目标端创建dblink
CREATE DATABASE LINK orcl12 CONNECT TO system IDENTIFIED BY oracle USING 'ORCL12';
(6)执行CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE语句
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb3 FROM orcl12@orcl12
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/');
(7)PDB创建成功后查看PDB
sys. ora12cl>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB3 MOUNTED
4 PDB2 READ WRITE NO
5 PDB1 MOUNTED
sys. ora12cl>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
3 PDB3 3564415452 NEW 3014651 3
2 PDB$SEED 3409233005 NORMAL 1408788 2
4 PDB2 2218727525 NORMAL 1824437 4
5 PDB1 1058019921 NORMAL 1535445 5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
(8)运行noncdb_to_pdb.sql脚本(必须使用拥有SYSDBA权限的用户在PDB中执行)
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
(9)查看数据文件
sys. ora12cl>alter pluggable database pdb3 open;
Pluggable database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:52.88
sys. ora12cl>SELECT con_id, tablespace_name, file_name FROM cdb_data_files WHERE con_id=3;
CON_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- --------------- --------------------------------------------------
3 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/system01.dbf
3 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/sysaux01.dbf
3 UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/undotbs01.dbf
3 USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12cl/pdb3/users01.dbf
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12cl>
Cloning a PDB Without Cloning Its Data
在克隆已有的PDB或者non CDB时，我们也可以将克隆语句中加入NO DATA子句，在使用NO DATA子句时，仅仅会克隆源PDB中的模型定义，并不会克隆PDB中的数据。（Oracle数据库内自动创建的schemas下的对象会被成功克隆，而用户创建的schemas下的对象仅仅会克隆对象的定义结构）。
1. 测试克隆本地PDB时使用no data子句
这里将WOQUPDB克隆为PDBTEST.
(1)源PDB:
sys. woqu>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 WOQUPDB READ WRITE NO
sys. woqu>COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A30
sys. woqu>COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A30
sys. woqu>
(2)检查UNDO模式及归档模式
sys. woqu>SELECT property_name, property_value
2 FROM database_properties
3 WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
Elapsed: 00:00:00.04
sys. woqu>sys. woqu>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 7
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 9
sys. woqu>
(3)创建测试数据表t，注意这里的t表位于sys用户下：
05:51:10 sys. woqupdb>create table t as select * from dba_objects where rownum<=10;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.10
05:52:41 sys. woqupdb>select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
10
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
05:52:50 sys. woqupdb>
表t中共有10条数据。
(4)创建测试数据表t_tab，注意这里的t表位于yangyuhang用户下：
05:51:46 yangyuhang. woqupdb>create table t_tab as select * from dba_objects where rownum<=999;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:01.84
05:52:15 yangyuhang. woqupdb>select count(*) from t_tab;
COUNT(*)
----------
999
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
05:52:19 yangyuhang. woqupdb>
(5)使用create pluggable database + NO DATA子句创建pdb:pdbtest:
sys. woqu>CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdbtest FROM woqupdb NO DATA
2 PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/woqu/pdbtest'
3 FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/woqu/woqupdb', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/woqu/pdbtest');
Pluggable database created.
Elapsed: 00:00:09.35
sys. woqu>
(6)检查克隆完成的pdbtest:
sys. woqu>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 WOQUPDB READ WRITE NO
5 PDBTEST MOUNTED
sys. woqu>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
3 WOQUPDB 1167267009 NORMAL 1443334 3
2 PDB$SEED 399989944 NORMAL 1408751 2
5 PDBTEST 3356573055 NEW 1956581 5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
sys. woqu>alter pluggable database pdbtest open;
Pluggable database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:07.09
sys. woqu>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 WOQUPDB READ WRITE NO
5 PDBTEST READ WRITE NO
sys. woqu>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- --------- ---------- ------ ------------ ----------
3 WOQUPDB 1167267009 NORMAL 1443334 3
2 PDB$SEED 399989944 NORMAL 1408751 2
5 PDBTEST 3356573055 NORMAL 1956581 5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
sys. woqu>
(7)将从测试数据
sys. woqu>alter session set container=pdbtest;
Session altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
sys. woqu>show user con_id
USER is "SYS"
CON_ID
------------------------------
5
sys. woqu>select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
10
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. woqu>select count(*) from yangyuhang.t_tab;
COUNT(*)
----------
0
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
sys. woqu>
通过测试可以看到sys下的对象中的数据依然克隆成功，而自建用户下的对象中数据并没有跟着一个克隆。
2.测试克隆远端PDB时使用no data子句
这里将远端PDB：PDBTEST克隆到本地，命名为ORA12CPDB2：
(1)创建DBLINK
sys. ora12c>CREATE DATABASE LINK woqu CONNECT TO system IDENTIFIED BY oracle USING 'WOQU';
Database link created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.15
sys. ora12c>
(2)克隆PDBTEST
sys. ora12c>CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ORA12CPDB2 FROM PDBTEST@WOQU NO DATA
2 PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ora12cpdb2'
3 FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/woqu/pdbtest', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/ora12cpdb2');
Pluggable database created.
Elapsed: 00:00:10.44
sys. ora12c>
(3)检查克隆完成后的ORA12CPDB2
sys. ora12c>show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- -------------- ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 ORA12CPDB READ WRITE NO
5 ORA12CPDB2 MOUNTED
sys. ora12c>SELECT pdb_id, pdb_name, con_uid, status, creation_scn, con_id FROM cdb_pdbs;
PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_UID STATUS CREATION_SCN CON_ID
---------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
3 ORA12CPDB 1788418398 NORMAL 1442734 3
2 PDB$SEED 2375660446 NORMAL 1408749 2
5 ORA12CPDB2 2003741801 NEW 1959473 5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
sys. ora12c>
(4)验证数据
sys. ora12c>alter pluggable database ora12cpdb2 open;
Pluggable database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:05.24
sys. ora12c>alter session set container=ora12cpdb2;
Session altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.04
sys. ora12c>select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
10
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
sys. ora12c>select count(*) from yangyuhang.t_tab;
COUNT(*)
----------
0
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12c>
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