MySQL管理操作简析
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Mysql管理操作
数据库管理操作
- 查看数据库结构
- 创建及删除库和表
- 管理表的记录
基本操作命令
- 查看数据库列表信息
- SHOW DATABASES
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)- 查看数据库中的数据表信息
- USE数据库名
- SHOW TABLES
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| engine_cost |
| event |
| ..... |
| user |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)- 显示数据表的结构（字段）
- DESCRIBE [数据库名.]表名
mysql> describe db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | cha(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ... |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)SQL语句概述
SQL语言
- 是Structured Query Language的缩写，即结构化查询语言
- 是关系型数据库的标准语言
- 用于维护管理数据库,如数据查询、数据更新、访问控制、对象管理等功能
SQL分类
- DDL：数据定义语言
- DML：数据操纵语言
- DQL：数据查询语言
- DCL：数据控制语言
DDL语句操作
- DDL语句用于创建数据库对象，如库、表、索引等
- 使用DDL语句新建库、表
- 创建数据库: CREATE DATABASE 数据库名
- 创建数据表: CREATE TABLE 表名（字段定义...）
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> create table info (
-> id int(4) ,
-> name char(10) not null,
-> address varchar(50) default 'nanjing',
-> primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)DDL语句操作
- 使用DDL语句删除库、表
- 删除指定的数据表: DROP TABLE [数据库名.]表名
- 删除指定的数据库: DROP DATABASE 数据库名
mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)DML语句操作
- DML语句用于对表中的数据进行管理
- 包括以下操作
- INSERT:插入新数据
- UPDATE :更新原有数据
- DELETE :删除不需要的数据
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> create table info (
-> id int(4) not null,
-> name char(10) not null,
-> address varchar(50) default 'nanjing',
-> primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (id,name,address) values (1,'zhangsan','beijing');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表所有内容
+----+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+----+----------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | beijing |
+----+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update info set address='shanghai' where id=1; //将info表内id为1的address更改为shanghai
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; //查看表内容
+----+----------+----------+
| id | name | address |
+----+----------+----------+
| 1 | zhangsan | shanghai |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where id=1; //根据条件删除info表中id为1的数据，不带where条件时删除表内所有数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)DQL语句操作
- DQL是数据查询语句，只有一条: SELECT
- 用于从数据表中查找符合条件的数据记录
- 查询时可不指定条件
- SELECT 字段名1,字段名2.... FROM表名
mysql> select * from info; //查看表所有内容
+----+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+----+----------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | beijing |
+----+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name from info where id=1; //条件查看表内容
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| zhangsan |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)DCL语句操作
设置用户权限（用户不存在时。则新建用户
- GRANT 权限列表 ON 数据库名.表名 TO 用户名@来源地址 [ IDENTIFIED BY '密码' ]
查看用户的权限
- SHOW GRANT FOR 用户名@来源地址
- 撤销用户的权限
- REVOKE 权限列表 ON 数据库名.表名 FROM 用户名@来源地址
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