CentOS6服务管理之DNS-源码安装Bind-9.10
源码安装bind
为集美等地区用户提供了全套网页设计制作服务，及集美网站建设行业解决方案。主营业务为成都网站建设、成都网站制作、集美网站设计，以传统方式定制建设网站，并提供域名空间备案等一条龙服务，秉承以专业、用心的态度为用户提供真诚的服务。我们深信只要达到每一位用户的要求，就会得到认可，从而选择与我们长期合作。这样，我们也可以走得更远！
1.准备源码包：
bind官网：http://www.isc.org/downloads/bind/
[root@DNS1 ~]#ll -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8356463 Dec 11 11:16 bind-9.10.1-P1.tar.gz
2.编译环境正常，未安装rpm的bind程序包
[root@dns1 ~]#yumgroupinstall Development tools [root@dns1 ~]#yumgroupinstall Server Platform Development [root@dns1 ~]# rpm-qa bind [root@dns1 ~]#
3.编译安装源码包：
解压源码：
[root@dns1 ~]#tar jxf bind-9.10.1-P1.tar.gz [root@dns1 ~]#cd bind-9.10.1-P1 [root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#
可以从中获取帮助：
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#./configure --help |less
编译：设置安装路径，程序配置文件路径，禁用Ipv6，禁用chroot，允许多线程
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bind --sysconfdir=/etc/named/ --disable-ipv6 --disable-chroot --enable-threads
我这里编译出现了错误，依赖openssl-devel的包：
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#yum install openssl-devel
重新编译：
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bind --sysconfdir=/etc/named/ --disable-ipv6 --disable-chroot --enable-threads
安装程序：
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]#make && make install
4.尽量加入系统用户named来管理bind
[root@dns1 ~]#groupadd -r -g 53 named [root@dns1 ~]# useradd-r -g named -u 53 named
5.下面即将进行的步骤：
导出程序路径至PATH中
导出帮助文件
导出库文件和头文件：
如果开发没用使用其中的库就不用导出
[root@dns1 ~]#ls /usr/local/bind/sbin/ arpaname dnssec-revoke lwresd named-rrchecker ddns-confgen dnssec-settime named nsec3hash dnssec-dsfromkey dnssec-signzone named-checkconf rndc dnssec-importkey dnssec-verify named-checkzone rndc-confgen dnssec-keyfromlabel genrandom named-compilezone tsig-keygen dnssec-keygen isc-hmac-fixup named-journalprint [root@dns1 ~]#ls /usr/local/bind/bin/ bind9-config delv dig host isc-config.sh nslookup nsupdate [root@dns1 ~]#vim .bash_profile PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bind/bin:/usr/local/bind/sbin [root@dns1 ~]#source .bash_profile
6.源码安装是没有任何配置文件和服务脚本的哦！
#ls/etc/named/ 主配置文件 #ls/var/named/ 区域解析库文件 #ls/etc/rc.d/init.d 启动脚本
我们自己来编写配置文件和服务脚本哦！
[root@dns1 ~]#mkdir /var/named [root@dns1 ~]#cd /var/named
访问一个能访问的DNS获取根区域文件：
[root@dns1named]# dig -t NS . @172.16.0.1 >/var/named/named.ca [root@dns1named]# ls named.ca
编辑好本地解析库文件：
[root@dns1 named]# vim named.localhost $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1
[root@dns1 named]#vi named.loopback $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1 PTR localhost.
权限设置和设置属组为named：
[root@dns1 named]# chmod 640 * [root@dns1 named]# chown :named * [root@dns1 named]# ll total 12 -rw-r----- 1 root named 2100 Dec 11 11:56named.ca -rw-r----- 1 root named 374 Dec 11 11:57 named.localhost -rw-r----- 1 root named 401 Dec 11 11:58 named.loopback
提供主配置文件：named.conf
先设置好rndc密钥配置文件：
[root@dns1 named]# rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom> /etc/named/rndc.conf
需要将rndc密钥文件配置在named.conf文件中：
[root@dns1 named]# cat /etc/named/named.conf
options {
directory "/var/named";
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "named.localhost";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
# Use with the following in named.conf,adjusting the allow list as needed:
key"rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "4a8/AsRRQ5OH5a0oRaBeAg==";
};
#
controls{
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
};
#End of named.conf
设置好文件的权限和属组：
[root@dns1 named]# chmod 640 /etc/named/* [root@dns1 named]# chown :named /etc/named/* [root@dns1 named]# ll /etc/named/ total 12 -rw-r----- 1 root named 2389 Dec 11 11:29bind.keys -rw-r----- 1 root named 545 Dec 11 12:09 named.conf -rw-r----- 1 root named 479 Dec 11 12:01 rndc.conf
7.到这里我们其实可以启动named服务了！
但是有些复杂，只说一些命令哦！
查看帮助文件
#ls /usr/local/bind9/share/man #man -M /usr/local/bind9/share/man named
前台启动，日志也在前台记录
[root@dns1 named]# named -u named –g
使其在后台运行：
[root@dns1 named]# named -u named
查看启动状态：
[root@dns1 named]# ss -tunl |grep :53 udp UNCONN 0 0 172.16.31.100:53 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 10 172.16.31.100:53 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:53 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::53887 :::* [root@dns1 named]# ps aux |grep named named 18870 0.0 1.1 13××× 11848 ? Ssl 12:23 0:00 named -u named root 18883 0.0 0.0 103252 824 pts/1 S+ 12:24 0:00 grep named
关闭named服务：
[root@dns1 named]# killall named [root@dns1 named]# ps aux |grep named root 18887 0.0 0.0 103252 824 pts/1 S+ 12:24 0:00 grep named
8.我们现在来实现加入区域：
[root@dns1 named]# vim /etc/named/named.conf
zone "oracle.com" IN {
type master;
file "oracle.com.zone";
};设置区域正向区域解析库文件：
[root@dns1 named]#vim /var/named/oracle.com.zone $ORIGIN oracle.com. @ IN SOA ns.oracle.com. root.oracle.com. ( 2014121101 ;serial 1D ;refresh 5M ;retry 1W ;expiry 1H) ;minimum @ IN NS ns.oracle.com. IN MX 5 mail.oracle.com. ns IN A 172.16.31.100 www IN A 172.16.31.100 www IN A 172.16.31.101 mail IN A 172.16.31.100 pop3 IN CNAME mail iamp4 IN CNAME mail
设置好权限和属组：
[root@dns1 named]# chmod 640 oracle.com.zone [root@dns1 named]# chown :named oracle.com.zone
启动named服务：
[root@dns1 named]# named -u named
查看日志：
[root@dns1 named]# tail /var/log/messages Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: automaticempty zone: 8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.IP6.ARPA Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: commandchannel listening on 127.0.0.1#953 Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: the workingdirectory is not writable Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]:managed-keys-zone: loaded serial 0 Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: zonelocalhost/IN: loaded serial 0 Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]:oracle.com.zone:2: no TTL specified; using SOA MINTTL instead Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: zoneoracle.com/IN: loaded serial 2014121101 Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: zone0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0 Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: all zonesloaded Dec 11 12:33:41 dns1 named[18945]: running
可以查询了：
[root@dns1 named]# dig -t A www.oracle.com@172.16.31.100 ; <<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.oracle.com@172.16.31.100 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY,status: NOERROR, id: 15903 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2,AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.oracle.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.oracle.com. 3600 IN A 172.16.31.101 www.oracle.com. 3600 IN A 172.16.31.100 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: oracle.com. 3600 IN NS ns.oracle.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.oracle.com. 3600 IN A 172.16.31.100 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.31.100#53(172.16.31.100) ;; WHEN: Thu Dec 11 12:37:19 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 97
成功了哦！
9.下面就可以进行服务启动脚本的书写了：
我们先将bind的帮助文件写进/etc/man.config进行调用：
方便named服务启动后生成pid文件：
[root@dns1 named]# chown named:named/usr/local/bind/var/run/ [root@dns1 named]# touch /var/lock/subsys/named [root@dns1 named]# touch /etc/rc.d/init.d/named [root@dns1 named]# chmod 755/etc/rc.d/init.d/named
[root@dns1 named]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/named
#!/bin/bash
# named a network name service.
# chkconfig: 345 35 75
# description: a name server
pidfile=/usr/local/bind/var/run/named/named.pid
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/named
conffile=/etc/named/named.conf
named=/usr/local/bind/sbin/named
prog=named
[ -r /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ] && ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
start() {
if [ -e $lockfile ] ; then
echo -n -e "$prog is already running.\n"
warning
echo -n -e \n
exit 0
fi
echo -n "Starting $prog:"
daemon --pidfile $pidfile $named -u named -c $conffile
tetval=$?
echo
if [[ $retval -eq 0 ]] ; then
touch $lockfile
return $retval
else
rm -f $lockfile $pidfile
return 1
fi
}
stop() {
if [ ! -e $lockfile ] ; then
echo -n "$prog is stopped."
warning
echo
exit 0
fi
echo -n "Stopping $prog:"
killproc $prog
retval=$?
echo
if [[ $retval -eq 0 ]] ; then
rm -f $lockfile $pidfile
return 0
else
echo "Can't stop $prog"
return 1
fi
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n "Reload the $prog:"
killproc -HUP $prog
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
status() {
if pidof $prog &>/dev/null; then
echo -n "$prog is running."
success
echo
else
echo -n "$prog is stopped."
success
echo
fi
}
usage() {
echo "Usage:named {start|stop|status|reload|restart}"
}
case $1 in
start)
start;;
stop)
stop;;
restart)
restart;;
status)
status;;
reload)
reload;;
*)
usage
exit 1
;;
esac
有个bug，warning函数会覆盖前面的输出
我怀疑是warning函数的问题！
就不管了o(∩_∩)o哈哈
10.最后介绍一下DNS下面的压力测试工具：queryperf
实际测试要考虑带宽哦！
[root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]# ls contrib dane idn perftcpdns queryperf scripts zkt-1.1.2 dlz nslint-3.0a2 query-loc-0.4.0 README sdb [root@dns1bind-9.10.1-P1]# cd contrib/queryperf/ [root@dns1queryperf]# ls config.h.in configure.in Makefile.in queryperf.c utils configure input missing README
简单编译安装：
[root@dns1 queryperf]# make root@dns1 queryperf]# ./configure
复制命令到bin下：
[root@dns1 queryperf]# cp queryperf /bin/
开始压力测试：
queryperf [-d datafile] [-s server_addr] [-p port] [-qnum_queries] [-b bufsize] [-t timeout] [-n] [-l limit] [-f family] [-1] [-i interval] [-r arraysize] [-u unit] [-H histfile] [-T qps] [-e] [-D] [-R] [-c] [-v] [-h] 常用选项： -d datefile：选择要解析域名集合的文件，对哪些区域进行测试 -s server_addr：指定压力测试的服务器
我们需要建立一个解析域名集合的文件：
例如：
[root@dns1 ~]#vi test.txt www.oracle.com A mail.oarcle.com A oracle.com NS oracle.com MX pop3.oracle.com A iamp4.oracle.com A www.oracle.com A mail.oarcle.com A oracle.com NS oracle.com MX pop3.oracle.com A iamp4.oracle.com A
简单测试一下哦！
[root@dns1 ~]# queryperf -d test.txt -s172.16.31.100 DNS Query Performance Testing Tool Version: $Id: queryperf.c,v 1.12 2007/09/0507:36:04 marka Exp $ [Status] Processing input data [Status] Sending queries (beginning with272.16.31.100) [Timeout] Query timed out: msg id 2 [Timeout] Query timed out: msg id 8 [Status] Testing complete Statistics: Parseinput file: once Endeddue to: reaching end of file Queriessent: 12 queries Queriescompleted: 12 queries Querieslost: 0 queries Queriesdelayed(?): 0 queries RTTmax: 0.004873 sec RTTmin: 0.000074 sec RTTaverage: 0.001751 sec RTT stddeviation: 0.001375 sec RTT outof range: 0 queries Percentage completed: 100.00% Percentage lost: 0.00% Startedat: Thu Dec 11 14:05:39 2014 Finished at: Thu Dec 1114:05:44 2014 Ranfor: 5.004047 seconds Queriesper second: 2.398059 qps
机器不咋的，处理的慢。
到这里源码安装Bind的介绍就结束了，shell脚本构建服务还是不熟练！
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