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端口映射
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Docker容器启动之前,如果不进行端口映射,在容器外部是无法通过网络来访问容器内的网络应用和服务。因为容器中常常会运行一些网络应用和服务,如果想在容器外部通过网络来访问容器内的网络应用和服务,就需要对该容器进行端口映射,可以通过docker run命令中的-P或-p选项来进行端口映射。随机端口映射
当通过docker run命令中的-P选项来进行端口映射时,Docker会随机映射一个端口到容器开放的网络端口。
以nginx为例,先拉取nginx的镜像。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image pull nginxUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/nginx852e50cd189d: Already exists 571d7e852307: Pull complete addb10abd9cb: Pull complete d20aa7ccdb77: Pull complete 8b03f1e11359: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6b1daa9462046581ac15be20277a7c75476283f969cb3a61c8725ec38d3b01c3Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latestdocker.io/library/nginx:latest[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEnginx latest bc9a0695f571 2 days ago 133MB
再以nginx镜像创建容器nginx.1,使用-P选项来进行随机的端口映射。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -P --name nginx.1 nginx91e3c7ed957f8196fd631eb7bce21acaa96bc253551303ecba2bf193201284ba
通过docker ps -l命令,可以看到本地主机的32775端口被映射到了容器的80端口。此时访问本地主机的32775端口即可访问容器内nginx应用提供的界面。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES91e3c7ed957f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 minutes ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:32775->80/tcp nginx.1
通过docker logs nginx.1命令,可以看到刚刚用浏览器访问容器中nginx应用提供的界面的记录。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs nginx.1...111.8.49.168 - - [27/Nov/2020:09:03:53 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"2020/11/27 09:03:53 [error] 21#21: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 111.8.49.168, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "ip:32775", referrer: "http://ip:32775/"111.8.49.168 - - [27/Nov/2020:09:03:53 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://ip:32775/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"指定端口映射
通过docker run命令中的-p选项来进行指定的端口映射。将本地主机的8083端口映射到容器的80端口。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 8083:80 --name nginx.2 nginx0e62792a194559bf33c2b39f70b64133cb89a48846278ccee651fda68aa6dad1[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES0e62792a1945 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8083->80/tcp nginx.2
此时访问本地主机的8083端口即可访问容器内nginx应用提供的界面。
通过docker logs nginx.2命令,同样可以看到刚刚用浏览器访问容器中nginx应用提供的界面的记录。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs nginx.2...111.8.49.168 - - [27/Nov/2020:09:28:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"2020/11/27 09:28:32 [error] 28#28: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 111.8.49.168, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "ip:8083", referrer: "http://ip:8083/"111.8.49.168 - - [27/Nov/2020:09:28:32 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://ip:8083/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.66 Safari/537.36" "-"
通过docker ps命令,可以看到之前创建的两个容器的端口映射都是在本地主机的0.0.0.0上。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES0e62792a1945 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:8083->80/tcp nginx.291e3c7ed957f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 53 minutes ago Up 36 minutes 0.0.0.0:32775->80/tcp nginx.1
网上对于0.0.0.0的解释
首先,0.0.0.0是不能被ping通的。在服务器中,0.0.0.0并不是一个真实的的IP地址,它表示本机中所有的IPV4地址。监听0.0.0.0的端口,就是监听本机中所有IP的端口。C:\Users\Kaven>ping 0.0.0.0正在 Ping 0.0.0.0 具有 32 字节的数据:PING:传输失败。常见故障。PING:传输失败。常见故障。PING:传输失败。常见故障。PING:传输失败。常见故障。0.0.0.0 的 Ping 统计信息: 数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 0,丢失 = 4 (100% 丢失),指定地址的指定端口映射
可以通过ip:hostPort:containerPort这种格式来进行指定地址的指定端口映射,比如127.0.0.1:8083。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker stop nginx.2nginx.2[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 127.0.0.1:8083:80 --name nginx.3 nginxa20b18b97fa4bf7576f6a0d769394a390cfb64ad5fc895453b548bf3f75105ca[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESa20b18b97fa4 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 127.0.0.1:8083->80/tcp nginx.3
通过docker inspect nginx.3命令,也可以看到端口映射信息。"Ports": { "80/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "127.0.0.1", "HostPort": "8083" } ] }
下面这条命令启动不了容器,因为它会默认使用0.0.0.0,报错的原因也正是如此 - 地址已在使用中address already in use。docker run -itd -p 8083:80 --name nginx.4 nginx[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 8083:80 --name nginx.4 nginxa5211ec678440044945e4d6f16fe59f3ac10367192262768096e7b748ebd027cdocker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint nginx.4 (809bed1de2bb89f5d54b5b200503701279a153e60dac08b93e13af8c40a02e36): Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:8083: bind: address already in use.
而下面这条命令却可以启动容器。docker run -itd -p 127.0.0.2:8083:80 --name nginx.5 nginx[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 127.0.0.2:8083:80 --name nginx.5 nginxf60dcb586968471e7a8127ccef4cb4e89c4198df748da404f78afaff4afa42de
通过docker ps -a命令,可以看到所有容器的一些信息。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESf60dcb586968 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds 127.0.0.2:8083->80/tcp nginx.5a5211ec67844 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Created nginx.4a20b18b97fa4 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 127.0.0.1:8083->80/tcp nginx.30e62792a1945 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 29 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago nginx.291e3c7ed957f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Up 58 minutes 0.0.0.0:32775->80/tcp nginx.1指定地址的随机端口映射
可以通过ip::containerPort这种格式来进行指定地址的随机端口映射,比如127.0.0.1的随机端口。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 127.0.0.1::80 --name nginx.6 nginx396b7d9e64c047187c0391485ba1d275587d86409573e882bc68a9357dfcb6f2[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES396b7d9e64c0 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 127.0.0.1:32768->80/tcp nginx.6
可以看到Docker将127.0.0.1的32768端口映射到了容器的80端口,而这个32768端口是由Docker随机指定的。多个端口映射
使用多个-p选项即可进行多个端口映射。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -itd -p 9091:9091 -p 9092:8080 -p 9093:8083 --name nginx.8 nginx5ac6438dcc2a2d1b7f668eb10d8285085c396a44f896aae0b3dc09935e4e95eb[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES5ac6438dcc2a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9091->9091/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9092->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9093->8083/tcp nginx.8查看端口映射配置
docker port命令可以查看容器的端口映射配置。[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker port nginx.6 80127.0.0.1:32768[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker port nginx.5 80127.0.0.2:8083[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker port nginx.380/tcp -> 127.0.0.1:8083[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker port nginx.88080/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:90928083/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:90939091/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:9091
Docker容器的端口映射就介绍到这里。
到此这篇关于Docker初级网络端口映射的配置的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Docker 端口映射内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!