使用RMAN备份集搭建OracleDataguardStepbyStep（二）
5、网络配置和密码文件配置
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Primary和Standby端在sys用户管理密码上要求相同，所以在密码文件问题上，直接拷贝命名是支持的。
[oracle@SimpleLinux oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@SimpleLinux dbs]$ ls -l
total 9552
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 24 21:12 hc_ora11g.dat
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 24 21:20 hc_ora11gsy.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 774 May 24 21:17 initora11g.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 774 May 24 21:18 initora11gsy.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Apr 1 12:39 lkORA11G
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Apr 1 12:45 orapwora11g
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 24 20:47 snapcf_ora11g.f
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 May 24 21:13 spfileora11g.ora
[oracle@SimpleLinux dbs]$ cp orapwora11g orapwora11gsy
Linux环境下，密码文件自动寻找规则为在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录中的orapw
Oracle NET涉及到tnsnames.ora文件和listener.ora两个文件。tnsnames.ora负责提供链接本地名，而listener.ora提供监听器静态注册参数。
[oracle@SimpleLinux 2014_05_24]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/
[oracle@SimpleLinux admin]$ ls -l
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 345 May 24 22:50 listener.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 345 Apr 1 13:10 listener.ora.bk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Apr 1 12:27 samples
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 381 Dec 17 2012 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 502 May 24 22:49 tnsnames.ora
两个文件上分别配置好ora11g和ora11gsy信息。
[oracle@SimpleLinux admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORA11GSY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.88)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11gsy)
)
)
ORA11G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.137.88)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)
[oracle@SimpleLinux admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = SimpleLinux)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ora11g)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ora11gsy)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11gsy)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
监听器重新启动。
[oracle@SimpleLinux admin]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-MAY-2014 22:52:14
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=SimpleLinux)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@SimpleLinux admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-MAY-2014 22:52:23
（篇幅原因，有省略……）
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=SimpleLinux)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11gsy" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11gsy", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
下面就可以进行恢复动作了。
6、restore backup set
启动rman进行还原动作。
--连入到ora11gsy中
[oracle@SimpleLinux ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11gsy
[oracle@SimpleLinux ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 24 21:32:23 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
启动到nomount状态，设置dbid值。这个取值和Primary数据库的相同。
RMAN> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 372449280 bytes
Fixed Size 1364732 bytes
Variable Size 301993220 bytes
Database Buffers 62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers 6176768 bytes
RMAN> set dbid=4239941846
executing command: SET DBID
从备份集合直接恢复控制文件。
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/standbybackup/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140524T204716_9r156r7j_.bkp';
Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/controlfile/o1_mf_9r18tmv6_.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11GSY/controlfile/o1_mf_9r18tpkf_.ctl
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14
注意两个现象：首先我们是以standby controlfile的方式，直接从文件系统中读取备份。第二就是我们并没有在initora11gsy.ora中配置control_files参数，Oracle直接按照OMF法则创建了控制文件两个镜像。第三，这个数据没有写入到spfile/pfile中，日后给系统带来了些麻烦。
启动到mount状态。
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount standby database';
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
最后是比较麻烦的步骤，备份集合中是在Primary的文件路径，没有进行也没有途径进行remap动作。所以，Oracle这里面需要手工的对文件进行一系列的set newname动作。
RMAN> run {
2> ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK ;
3> set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_system_9mnjrzty_.dbf';
4> set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9mnjs04h_.dbf';
5> set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9mnjs068_.dbf';
6> set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_users_9mnjs074_.dbf';
7>
8> }
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=20 device type=DISK
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
released channel: c1
如果Primary和Standby目录结构完全相同，就不需要这个步骤了。之后，如果是10g之前版本，就必须将拷贝过的备份集合放在和原来相同的目录结构中。如果是10g之后，就可以使用catalog backuppiece人工的加载备份集合。
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/standbybackup/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp';
cataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/standbybackup/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp RECID=3 STAMP=848442509
直接恢复数据库文件。
RMAN> run {
2> restore database;
3> switch datafile all;
4> }
Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
（篇幅原因，有省略……）
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9mnjs04h_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9mnjs068_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /standbybackup/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/standbybackup/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140524T204320_9r14z9hn_.bkp tag=TAG20140524T204320
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:08:25
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14
recover数据库，完成恢复过程。
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
skipping datafile 1; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_system_9r1cgl8x_.dbf
skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9r1cgld1_.dbf
skipping datafile 3; already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9r1cglfr_.dbf
datafile 4 is already restored to file /u01/app/oradata/ORA11GSY/datafile/o1_mf_users_9r1c6gb9_.dbf
restore not done; all files read only, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14
7、standby工作配置
Standby恢复完成之后，还要创建专门的standby redo log作为恢复过程中使用。
SQL> alter database add standby logfile size 50m;
Database altered
SQL> alter database add standby logfile size 50m;
Database altered
SQL> select group#, sequence#, dbid from v$standby_log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# DBID
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
4 0 UNASSIGNED
5 0 UNASSIGNED
启动standby端recover动作。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> select name, OPEN_MODE, database_role from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
--------- -------------------- ----------------
ORA11G MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY
Primary全过程始终处在mount状态，没有redo log生成。启动Primary到mount状态。
[oracle@SimpleLinux ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat May 24 23:06:49 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
Primary端传输通道是否正常查看v$archived_dest_status。
SQL> col dest_name for a20;
SQL> select dest_id, dest_name, status, type, database_mode, recovery_mode, DESTINATION from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id<3;
DEST_ID DEST_NAME STATUS TYPE DATABASE_MODE RECOVERY_MODE DESTINATION
---------- -------------------- --------- -------------- --------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID LOCAL OPEN IDLE /u01/app/oracle/dbs/arch
2 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID PHYSICAL MOUNTED-STANDBY MANAGED REAL TIME APPLY ora11gsy
日志情况，特别是日志应用情况。
SQL> select recid,name, sequence#, STANDBY_DEST, ARCHIVED, APPLIED from v$archived_log;
RECID NAME SEQUENCE# STANDBY_DEST ARCHIVED APPLIED
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
1 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_6_9r1fdo70_.arc 6 NO YES NO
2 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_7_9r1fdvt1_.arc 7 NO YES NO
3 ora11gsy 6 YES YES YES
4 ora11gsy 7 YES YES YES
5 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_8_9r1fmzv9_.arc 8 NO YES NO
6 ora11gsy 8 YES YES YES
6 rows selected
sequence#=6-8的数据，已经顺利传输到ora11gsy端，并且应用apply提示标志已经设置为YES。在standby端，我们也可以查看应用情况。
SQL> conn sys/oracle@ora11gsy as sysdba
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0
Connected as SYS
SQL> select recid,name, sequence#, STANDBY_DEST, ARCHIVED, APPLIED from v$archived_log;
RECID NAME SEQUENCE# STANDBY_DEST ARCHIVED APPLIED
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------ -------- ---------
1 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11GSY/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_6_9r1ff3t6_.a 6 NO YES YES
2 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11GSY/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_7_9r1ff3dn_.a 7 NO YES YES
3 /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORA11GSY/archivelog/2014_05_24/o1_mf_1_8_9r1fn28z_.a 8 NO YES YES
SQL> select group#, dbid, sequence# from v$standby_log;
GROUP# DBID SEQUENCE#
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
4 4239941846 9
5 UNASSIGNED 0
应用成功！但这并不是配置的全部，一些问题在安装过程中埋下了问题点，一些补充配置也需要后续完成，才能作为一个健全DG环境。
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