TokuDB安装及注意事项有哪些
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TokuDB的特点：
1、高压缩比，官方宣称可以达到1：12。
2、高insert性能，官方称至少比innodb高9倍。
3、可以在线添加索引和字段，速度快。
TokuDB的缺点：
1、cpu usr态消耗高
2、响应时间变长。
安装环境:
OS: centos 6.5
IP:192.168.0.103
TokuDB:5.6.29
安装介质:
Percona-Server-shared、Percona-Server-client、Percona-Server-server、Percona-Server-tokudb（注意安装顺序）
安装介质下载:
https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-5.6/LATEST/
安装步骤:
1、先安装Percona-Server-shared
[root@linfytest3 Downloads]# rpm -ivh Percona-Server-shared-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: Percona-Server-shared-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:Percona-Server-shared-5########################################### [100%]
2、再安装Percona-Server-client
[root@linfytest3 Downloads]# rpm -ivh Percona-Server-client-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: Percona-Server-client-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:Percona-Server-client-5########################################### [100%]
3、再安装Percona-Server-server
[root@linfytest3 Downloads]# rpm -ivh Percona-Server-server-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: Percona-Server-server-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:Percona-Server-server-5########################################### [100%]
2016-05-08 19:36:57 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-05-08 19:36:57 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/MySQLd (mysqld 5.6.29-76.2) starting as process 3039 ...
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.29-76.2 started; log sequence number 1600607
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 19:36:57 3039 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 19:36:58 3039 [Note] Binlog end
2016-05-08 19:36:58 3039 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-05-08 19:36:58 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3039 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
2016-05-08 19:36:59 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-05-08 19:36:59 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.29-76.2) starting as process 3064 ...
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-05-08 19:36:59 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.29-76.2 started; log sequence number 1625987
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] Binlog end
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-05-08 19:37:00 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-05-08 19:37:02 3064 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625997
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h linfytest3 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
Please report any problems at
https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-server/+filebug
The latest information about Percona Server is available on the web at
http://www.percona.com/software/percona-server
Support Percona by buying support at
http://www.percona.com/products/mysql-support
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
Percona Server is distributed with several useful UDF (User Defined Function) from Percona Toolkit.
Run the following commands to create these functions:
mysql -e "CREATE FUNCTION fnv1a_64 RETURNS INTEGER SONAME 'libfnv1a_udf.so'"
mysql -e "CREATE FUNCTION fnv_64 RETURNS INTEGER SONAME 'libfnv_udf.so'"
mysql -e "CREATE FUNCTION murmur_hash RETURNS INTEGER SONAME 'libmurmur_udf.so'"
See http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-server/5.6/management/udf_percona_toolkit.html for more details
4、安装jemalloc
[root@linfytest3 Downloads]# rpm -ivh jemalloc-3.6.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:jemalloc ########################################### [100%]
5、安装Percona-Server-tokudb
[root@linfytest3 Downloads]# rpm -ivh Percona-Server-tokudb-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: Percona-Server-tokudb-56-5.6.29-rel76.2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:Percona-Server-tokudb-5########################################### [100%]
* This release of Percona Server is distributed with TokuDB storage engine.
* Run the following script to enable the TokuDB storage engine in Percona Server:
ps_tokudb_admin --enable -u
* See http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-server/5.6/tokudb/tokudb_installation.html for more installation details
* See http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-server/5.6/tokudb/tokudb_intro.html for an introduction to TokuDB
6、启动MySQL
/usr/sbin/mysqld
root@linfytest3 sbin]# ./mysqld -uroot
2016-05-08 20:21:47 0 [Warning] Ignoring user change to 'root' because the user was set to 'mysql' earlier on the command line
2016-05-08 20:21:47 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-05-08 20:21:47 0 [Note] ./mysqld (mysqld 5.6.29-76.2) starting as process 3848 ...
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-05-08 20:21:47 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.29-76.2 started; log sequence number 1626017
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] RSA private key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//private_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] RSA public key file not found: /var/lib/mysql//public_key.pem. Some authentication plugins will not work.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2016-05-08 20:21:48 3848 [Note] ./mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.6.29-76.2' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Percona Server (GPL), Release 76.2, Revision ddf26fe
7、登录mysql
[root@linfytest3 sbin]# /usr/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.29-76.2 Percona Server (GPL), Release 76.2, Revision ddf26fe
Copyright (c) 2009-2016 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
8、安装tokuDB插件
[root@linfytest3 bin]# /usr/bin/ps_tokudb_admin --enable -u root -P 3848 -p
Enter password:
Checking SELinux status...
ERROR: SELinux is in enforcing mode and needs to be disabled (or put into permissive mode) for TokuDB to work correctly.
[root@linfytest3 bin]# /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status: enabled
SELinuxfs mount: /selinux
Current mode: enforcing
Mode from config file: enforcing
Policy version: 24
Policy from config file: targeted
[root@linfytest3 bin]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@linfytest3 bin]# setenforce 0
[root@linfytest3 bin]# getenforce
Permissive
root@linfytest3 bin]# /usr/bin/ps_tokudb_admin --enable -u root -P 3848 -p
Enter password:
Checking SELinux status...
INFO: SELinux is in permissive mode.
Checking if Percona Server is running with jemalloc enabled...
ERROR: Percona Server is not running with jemalloc, please restart mysql service to enable it and then run this script...
关闭mysql server
/usr/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -p
启动Mysql server
root@linfytest3 bin]# ./mysqld_safe &
[1] 5579
[root@linfytest3 bin]# 160508 23:42:51 mysqld_safe Adding '/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1' to LD_PRELOAD for mysqld
160508 23:42:51 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
160508 23:42:51 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
[root@linfytest3 bin]# pwd
/usr/bin
[root@linfytest3 bin]# /usr/bin/ps_tokudb_admin --enable -u root -P 5579 -p
Enter password:
Checking SELinux status...
INFO: SELinux is in permissive mode.
Checking if Percona Server is running with jemalloc enabled...
INFO: Percona Server is running with jemalloc enabled.
Checking transparent huge pages status on the system...
INFO: Transparent huge pages are currently disabled on the system.
Checking if thp-setting=never option is already set in config file...
INFO: Option thp-setting=never is not set in the config file.
(needed only if THP is not disabled permanently on the system)
Checking TokuDB engine plugin status...
INFO: TokuDB engine plugin is not installed.
Adding thp-setting=never option into /etc/my.cnf
INFO: Successfully added thp-setting=never option into /etc/my.cnf
Installing TokuDB engine...
INFO: Successfully installed TokuDB engine plugin.
9、登录mysql
[root@linfytest3 bin]# /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.29-76.2 Percona Server (GPL), Release 76.2, Revision ddf26fe
Copyright (c) 2009-2016 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Percona-XtraDB, Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| TokuDB | YES | Percona TokuDB Storage Engine with Fractal Tree(tm) Technology | YES | YES | YES |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
10、建表、索引
mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE timeline_1009 (
-> uid bigint(16) unsigned not null,
-> vflag tinyint(4) unsigned not null default 0,
-> status_id bigint(16) unsigned not null,
-> source int(6) unsigned not null default 0,
-> fflag int(6) unsigned not null default 0,
-> mflag tinyint(4) not null default 0,
-> primary key (uid)
-> ) engine=TokuDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=TOKUDB_LZMA;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> create index idx_flag on timeline_1009(mflag);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> drop index idx_flag on timeline_1009;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table timeline_1009 add column test_flag tinyint;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table timeline_1009 drop column test_flag;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
11、
一些注意事项
1、alter table xxx engine=tokudb 的情况会加metadata锁阻塞插入更新， 而myql-5.6.17 innodb引擎则不会导致阻塞。
2、只有char, varchar, varbinary, and integer 字段类型的扩展才支持online ddl【缩减不支持online 操作】，注意修改的时候字段属性不能发生变化，同时也不能是任何主键或二级索引的字段【二级索引的话，可以先删除二级索引，不过tokuDB创建索引二级索引并不快】，否则会导致copy表。
3、 修改列名的时候必须是单个列修改，如果是一条语句同时修改多条语句则会copy表。
4、这些字段TIME, ENUM, BLOB, TINYBLOB, MEDIUMBLOB, LONGBLOB类型不支持online ddl。
其他的一些限制详情可参考官网
12、tokuDB事务、锁信息查看
查看事务情况：
SELECT * FROM information_schema.tokudb_trx,
information_schema.processlist
WHERE trx_mysql_thread_id = id;
查看锁的情况
SELECT id FROM information_schema.tokudb_locks,
information_schema.processlist
WHERE locks_mysql_thread_id = id;
警告：
不要移动任何TokuDB相关的文件、否则会导致数据库崩溃并且需要使用备份才能进行恢复。
(6)、 关于TokuDB行格式
tokudb_row_format 可以设置如下的几个值：
tokudb_default: 设置默认的压缩行为。在 TokuDB 7.1.0版本，默认使用zlib 库进行压缩，未来版本可能会改变。
tokudb_fast: 使用quicklz 库的压缩模式。
tokudb_small: 使用 lzma 库的压缩模式。
tokudb_zlib: 使用 zlib 库的压缩模式，提供了中等级别的压缩比和中等级别的CPU消耗。
tokudb_quicklz: 使用 quicklz 库的压缩模式， 提供了轻量级的压缩比和较低基本的CPU消耗。
tokudb_lzma: 使用lzma库压缩模式，提供了高压缩比和高CPU消耗。
tokudb_uncompressed: 不使用压缩模式。
可以使用如下命令修改行格式：
ALTER TABLE table_name ROW_FORMAT=row_format;
注意修改行格式的操作也是online 操作。
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