如何用Python实现http客户端和服务器
功能：客户端可以向服务器发送get,post等请求，而服务器端可以接收这些请求，并返回给客户端消息。
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客户端：
#coding=utf-8
import http.client
from urllib import request, parse
def send_get(url,path,data):#get请求函数
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)
conn.request("GET", path)
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.read()
print(data1) #
conn.close()
def send_post(url,path,data,header):#post请求函数
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)#建立连接
conn.request("POST", path,data,header)#用request请求，将信息封装成帧
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.read()
print(data1) #
conn.close()
def send_head(url,path,data,header):
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)
conn.request("HEAD", path,data,header)
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.headers #
print(data1) #
conn.close()
def send_put(url,path,filedata,header):
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)
conn.request("PUT", path,filedata,header)
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.read() #
print(data1)
conn.close()
def send_option(url,path,data,header):
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)
conn.request("OPTION", path,data,header)
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.headers #
print(data1) #
conn.close()
def delete_option(url,path,filename,header):
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(url)
conn.request("DELETE", path, filename, header)
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print(r1.status, r1.reason)
data1 = r1.read() #
print(data1)
conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
url="localhost:8100"
data = {
'my post data': 'I am client , hello world',
}
datas = parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Accept": "text/plain"}
while True:
command = input("输入请求的命令：")
if command =='get':
print("----------发送get请求:-----------")
send_get(url,path="",data="None")
elif command=='post':
print("----------发送post请求-----------")
send_post(url, path="",data=datas,header=headers)
elif command =='put':
print("----------发送put请求-----------")
file = input("输入要发送的文件名:")
tfile=open(file,encoding="UTF-8",mode='r')
filedatas=tfile.read()
fileheaders = {"Content-type": "text/plain", "Accept": "text/plain",\
"content-length":str(len(filedatas))}
send_put(url, path="E:/pythonProject2/httpweb/", filedata=filedatas, header=fileheaders)
elif command=='head':
print("----------发送head请求:-----------")
send_head(url, path="", data=datas, header=headers)
elif command=='option':
print("----------发送option请求:-----------")
send_option(url,path="",data=datas,header=headers)
elif command=='delete':
print("----------发送delete请求-----------")
file = input("输入要删除的文件名:")
fileheaders = {"Content-type": "text/plain", "Accept": "text/plain"}
delete_option(url, path="E:/pythonProject2/httpweb/", filename = file, header=fileheaders)
elif command == 'exit':
break
服务器：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import socket
import re
import os
import threading
import urllib.parse
def service_client(new_socket):
# 为这个客户端返回数据
# 1.接收浏览器发过来的请求，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
request_header_lines = request.splitlines()
print(request_header_lines)
data = request_header_lines[-1]
# ret = re.match(r'[^/]+(/[^ ]*)', request_header_lines[0])
ret = list(request_header_lines[0].split(' '))[1]
method = list(request_header_lines[0].split(' '))[0]
path_name = "/"
if method == 'GET':
if ret:
path = ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件
print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name))
if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回咖啡.html页面
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
# 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器
file_name = 'E:/pythonProject2/httpweb/HTML/' + path_name
try:
f = open(file_name, 'rb')
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found------"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 准备发给浏览器的数据 -- header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send(html_content)
# 关闭套接字
if method == 'POST':
if ret:
path = ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件
print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name))
if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回咖啡.html页面
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
# 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器
file_name = 'E:/pythonProject2/httpweb/HTML/' + path_name
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send(file_name.encode("utf-8")+' data:'.encode("utf-8")+data.encode("utf-8"))
if method == 'PUT':
if ret:
path = ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件
print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name))
if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回咖啡.html页面
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
# 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器
file_name = list(request_header_lines[0].split(' '))[1] +'test.txt'
content = data.encode('utf-8')
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
with open(file_name, 'ab') as f:
f.write(content)
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send("finish".encode("utf-8"))
if method=='HEAD':
if ret:
path =ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
print("请求路径:{}".format(path_name))
if path_name =="/":
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 ok\r\n"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send(str(request_header_lines[1:]).encode("utf-8"))
if method=='OPTION':
if ret:
path = ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
print("请求路径:{}".format(path_name))
if path_name == "/":
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 ok\r\n"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send("OPTIONS GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE".encode("utf-8"))
if method =='DELETE':
if ret:
path = ret
path_name = urllib.parse.unquote(path) # 浏览器请求的路径中带有中文，会被自动编码，需要先解码成中文，才能找到后台中对应的html文件
print("请求路径：{}".format(path_name))
if path_name == "/": # 用户请求/时，返回咖啡.html页面
path_name = "/咖啡.html"
deletename = request_header_lines[-1]
# print(path_name+deletename)
os.remove(path_name+deletename)
# 2.返回http格式的数据给浏览器
content = data.encode('utf-8')
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# with open(file_name, 'ab') as f:
# f.write(content)
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
new_socket.send("finish".encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接字
new_socket.close()
def main():
# 用来完成整体的控制
# 1.创建套接字
tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 2.绑定
tcp_server_socket.bind(("0.0.0.0", 8100))
# 3.变为监听套接字
tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
while True:
# 4.等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5.为这个客户端服务
print("为",client_addr,"服务")
t = threading.Thread(target=service_client, args=(new_socket,))
t.start()
# 关闭监听套接字
tcp_server_socket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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