包含java代码https的词条
用java代码发生请求https，发生异常！
因为你的异常不是能必定复现的,有时发生,又有时不发生,那么只能初步的认为是网络连接不稳定造成的
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如果想彻底查清问题所在,只能通过网络抓包工具,在复现问题时查看网络通信包,看看到底是网络连接报的错误还是代码逻辑报的错误
另外,Remote host closed connection during handshake这个异常在客户端/服务端的TLS版本不一致时也会抛出,你可以尝试在发送请求前在代码中设置TLS版本和服务端一致后在发送请求,相关问题和解决方案stackoverflow上能查到很多
如何在java中发起http和https请求
1.写http请求方法
[java] view plain copy
//处理http请求 requestUrl为请求地址 requestMethod请求方式，值为"GET"或"POST"
public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl,String requestMethod,String outputStr){
StringBuffer buffer=null;
try{
URL url=new URL(requestUrl);
HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
conn.connect();
//往服务器端写内容 也就是发起http请求需要带的参数
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStream os=conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(outputStr.getBytes("utf-8"));
os.close();
}
//读取服务器端返回的内容
InputStream is=conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line=null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
2.测试。
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
输出结果为的源代码，说明请求成功。
注：1).第一个参数url需要写全地址，即前边的http必须写上，不能只写这样的。
2).第二个参数是请求方式，一般接口调用会给出URL和请求方式说明。
3).第三个参数是我们在发起请求的时候传递参数到所要请求的服务器，要传递的参数也要看接口文档确定格式，一般是封装成json或xml.
4).返回内容是String类，但是一般是有格式的json或者xml。
二：发起https请求。
1.https是对链接加了安全证书SSL的，如果服务器中没有相关链接的SSL证书，它就不能够信任那个链接，也就不会访问到了。所以我们第一步是自定义一个信任管理器。自要实现自带的X509TrustManager接口就可以了。
[java] view plain copy
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
注：1)需要的包都是java自带的，所以不用引入额外的包。
2.)可以看到里面的方法都是空的，当方法为空是默认为所有的链接都为安全，也就是所有的链接都能够访问到。当然这样有一定的安全风险，可以根据实际需要写入内容。
2.编写https请求方法。
[java] view plain copy
/*
* 处理https GET/POST请求
* 请求地址、请求方法、参数
* */
public static String httpsRequest(String requestUrl,String requestMethod,String outputStr){
StringBuffer buffer=null;
try{
//创建SSLContext
SSLContext sslContext=SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
TrustManager[] tm={new MyX509TrustManager()};
//初始化
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());;
//获取SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf=sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url=new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn=(HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
//设置当前实例使用的SSLSoctetFactory
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.connect();
//往服务器端写内容
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStream os=conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(outputStr.getBytes("utf-8"));
os.close();
}
//读取服务器端返回的内容
InputStream is=conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line=null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
可见和http访问的方法类似，只是多了SSL的相关处理。
3.测试。先用http请求的方法访问，再用https的请求方法访问，进行对比。
http访问：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
结果为：
https访问：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpsRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
结果为：
可见https的链接一定要进行SSL的验证或者过滤之后才能够访问。
三：https的另一种访问方式——导入服务端的安全证书。
1.下载需要访问的链接所需要的安全证书。 以这个网址为例。
1）在浏览器上访问。
2）点击上图的那个打了×的锁查看证书。
3）选择复制到文件进行导出，我们把它导入到java项目所使用的jre的lib文件下的security文件夹中去，我的是这个路径。D:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre8\lib\security
注：中间需要选导出格式，就选默认的就行，还需要命名，我命名的是12306.
2.打开cmd,进入到java项目所使用的jre的lib文件下的security目录。
3.在命令行输入 Keytool -import -alias 12306 -file 12306.cer -keystore cacerts
4.回车后会让输入口令，一般默认是changeit,输入时不显示，输入完直接按回车，会让确认是否信任该证书，输入y，就会提示导入成功。
5.导入成功后就能像请求http一样请求https了。
测试：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
结果：
现在就可以用http的方法请求https了。
注：有时候这一步还是会出错，那可能是jre的版本不对，我们右键run as——run configurations,选择证书所在的jre之后再运行。
求解java怎样发送https请求
使用httpClient可以发送，具体的可以参考下面的代码
SSLClient类，继承至HttpClient
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
//用于进行Https请求的HttpClient
public class SSLClient extends DefaultHttpClient{
public SSLClient() throws Exception{
super();
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[]{tm}, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx,SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
ClientConnectionManager ccm = this.getConnectionManager();
SchemeRegistry sr = ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
sr.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf));
}
}
HttpClient发送post请求的类
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/*
* 利用HttpClient进行post请求的工具类
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
public String doPost(String url,MapString,String map,String charset){
HttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
String result = null;
try{
httpClient = new SSLClient();
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
//设置参数
ListNameValuePair list = new ArrayListNameValuePair();
Iterator iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
EntryString,String elem = (EntryString, String) iterator.next();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(),elem.getValue()));
}
if(list.size() 0){
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,charset);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if(response != null){
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if(resEntity != null){
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
}
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
测试代码
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
//对接口进行测试
public class TestMain {
private String url = "";
private String charset = "utf-8";
private HttpClientUtil httpClientUtil = null;
public TestMain(){
httpClientUtil = new HttpClientUtil();
}
public void test(){
String httpOrgCreateTest = url + "httpOrg/create";
MapString,String createMap = new HashMapString,String();
createMap.put("authuser","*****");
createMap.put("authpass","*****");
createMap.put("orgkey","****");
createMap.put("orgname","****");
String httpOrgCreateTestRtn = httpClientUtil.doPost(httpOrgCreateTest,createMap,charset);
System.out.println("result:"+httpOrgCreateTestRtn);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
TestMain main = new TestMain();
main.test();
}
}
JAVA怎样调用https类型的webservice
第一步按照Axis生成本地访问客户端，完成正常的webservice调用的开发，这里的细节我就不再描述，重点说明和http不同的地方-证书的生成和使用。这里假设需要访问的网址是 ，那么就需要生成网址的安全证书设置到系统属性中，并且需要在调用代码前。
第二步
第二步就是介绍怎样生成证书，先写一个InstallCert.java类放到自己电脑的D盘根目录下，（注意这个类是没有包名的）类中代码如下：
/**
*
*/
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class InstallCert {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String host;
int port;
char[] passphrase;
if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
String[] c = args[0].split(":");
host = c[0];
port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
passphrase = p.toCharArray();
} else {
System.out
.println("Usage: java InstallCert host[:port] [passphrase]");
return;
}
File file = new File("jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
char SEP = File.separatorChar;
File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib"
+ SEP + "security");
file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
}
}
System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
ks.load(in, passphrase);
in.close();
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
tmf.init(ks);
X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf
.getTrustManagers()[0];
SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
System.out
.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
try {
System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
socket.startHandshake();
socket.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
} catch (SSLException e) {
System.out.println();
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
if (chain == null) {
System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
return;
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
System.out.println();
MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
for (int i = 0; i chain.length; i++) {
X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject "
+ cert.getSubjectDN());
System.out.println(" Issuer " + cert.getIssuerDN());
sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" sha1 " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" md5 " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
System.out.println();
}
System.out
.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
String line = reader.readLine().trim();
int k;
try {
k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
return;
}
X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
ks.store(out, passphrase);
out.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println(cert);
System.out.println();
System.out
.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
+ alias + "'");
}
private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
for (int b : bytes) {
b = 0xff;
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b 4]);
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b 15]);
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
private final X509TrustManager tm;
private X509Certificate[] chain;
SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
this.tm = tm;
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
this.chain = chain;
tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
}
}
}
第三
将上面的InstallCert.java编译成InstallCert.class文件放到自己电脑的D盘根目录下。这是正常的情况下D盘根目录下会有3个文件
第四
打开cmd进入到d盘开始执行生成证书命令，我这里不便于那我的网址测试我用支付宝的网址来测试的
当出现了：Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]
这行代码时，输入1，回车。正常执行完后在D盘根目录下就会出现证书“jssecacerts”文件
得到证书后将证书拷贝到$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security目录下，我这里是win7系统，在尝试的过程中需要将证书重命名为：cacerts 放进去才会有用。
去年在ITjob刘老师那边听他说过，你试试看行不行。
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