Nginx0.8.x+PHP5.2.10（FastCGI）

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.38

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.38/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

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mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

③、创建my.cnf配置文件：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

输入以下内容：

引用

[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
prompt="(u:blog.s135.com:)[d]> "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user= mysql
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit= 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...n"
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...n"
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep \'bin/mysqld_safe\' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk \'{printf $2}\')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep \'libexec/mysqld\' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk \'{printf $2}\')
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}n"
fi

⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

⑥、启动MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \'admin\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'12345678\';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \'admin\'@\'127.0.0.1\' IDENTIFIED BY \'12345678\';

⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=\'-liconv\'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

若是安装imagick的时候出现下列错误提示

checking whether to enable the imagick GraphicsMagick backend... no
checking ImageMagick MagickWand API configuration program...
configure: error: not found. Please provide a path to
MagickWand-config or Wand-config program.
说明你需要安装ImageMagick-devel

CentOS ： yum install ImageMagick-devel

如果是其他服务器需要重新下载后按照上述安装ImageMagick.tar.gz的方法在安装一次ImageMagick-devel就OK了。

5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：

sed -i \'s#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"nextension = "imagick.so"n#\' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i \'s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#\' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和 www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的0改为1，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

All relative paths in this config are relative to php\'s install prefix

Pid file
/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid

Error log file
/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log

Log level
notice

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
10

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator\'s shared memory.
1m

Time limit on waiting child\'s reaction on signals from master
5s

Set to \'no\' to debug fpm
yes

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is \'ip.ad.re.ss:port\' or just \'port\' or \'/path/to/unix/socket\'
127.0.0.1:9000

Set listen(2) backlog
-1

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

0666

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
1

Unix user of processes
www

Unix group of processes
www

Process manager settings

Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are \'static\' and \'apache-like\'
static

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
128

Settings group for \'apache-like\' pm style

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when \'apache-like\' pm_style is selected
20

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when \'apache-like\' pm_style is selected
5

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when \'apache-like\' pm_style is selected
35

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when \'max_execution_time\' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
\'0s\' means \'off\'
0s

The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
\'0s\' means \'off\'
0s

The log file for slow requests
logs/slow.log

Set open file desc rlimit
65535

Set max core size rlimit
0

Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

Redirect workers\' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
yes

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
102400

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
127.0.0.1

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment

$HOSTNAME
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
/tmp
/tmp
/tmp
$OSTYPE
$MACHTYPE
2

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的 9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

三、安装Nginx 0.8.15
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.15/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs

4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

引用

userwww www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log/data1/logs/nginx_error.logcrit;

pid/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
include mime.types;
default_typeapplication/octet-stream;

#charsetgb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zonecrawler$binary_remote_addr10m;

server
{
listen 80;
server_nameblog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler20;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1: 9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires30d;
}

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires1h;
}

log_formataccess\'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
\'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
\'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for\';
access_log/data1/logs/access.logaccess;
}

server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.jeecn.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1: 9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

log_formatwwwlogs\'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" \'
\'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" \'
\'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for\';
access_log/data1/logs/wwwlogs.logwwwlogs;
}

server
{
listen80;
server_namestatus.blog.s135.com;

location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容：

引用

fastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;

fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;

fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;
fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;
fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_paramREDIRECT_STATUS200;

5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 102465535

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F \' \' \'{print $2}\'

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容：

引用

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

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