怎么在Python中利用tkinter实现一个日期选择器-创新互联
这篇文章主要介绍了怎么在Python中利用tkinter实现一个日期选择器，此处通过实例代码给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友可以参考下：
创新互联建站服务项目包括全南网站建设、全南网站制作、全南网页制作以及全南网络营销策划等。多年来，我们专注于互联网行业，利用自身积累的技术优势、行业经验、深度合作伙伴关系等，向广大中小型企业、政府机构等提供互联网行业的解决方案，全南网站推广取得了明显的社会效益与经济效益。目前，我们服务的客户以成都为中心已经辐射到全南省份的部分城市，未来相信会继续扩大服务区域并继续获得客户的支持与信任！首先，定义一个类，叫Calendar
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import calendar
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
from tkinter import ttk
datetime = calendar.datetime.datetime
timedelta = calendar.datetime.timedelta
class Calendar:
def __init__(s, point = None):
s.master = tk.Toplevel()
s.master.withdraw()
s.master.attributes('-topmost' ,True)
fwday = calendar.SUNDAY
year = datetime.now().year
month = datetime.now().month
locale = None
sel_bg = '#ecffc4'
sel_fg = '#05640e'
s._date = datetime(year, month, 1) #每月第一日
s._selection = None #设置为未选中日期
s.G_Frame = ttk.Frame(s.master)
s._cal = s.__get_calendar(locale, fwday)
s.__setup_styles() # 创建自定义样式
s.__place_widgets() # pack/grid 小部件
s.__config_calendar() # 调整日历列和安装标记
# 配置画布和正确的绑定，以选择日期。
s.__setup_selection(sel_bg, sel_fg)
# 存储项ID，用于稍后插入。
s._items = [s._calendar.insert('', 'end', values='') for _ in range(6)]
# 在当前空日历中插入日期
s._update()
s.G_Frame.pack(expand = 1, fill = 'both')
s.master.overrideredirect(1)
s.master.update_idletasks()
width, height = s.master.winfo_reqwidth(), s.master.winfo_reqheight()
s.height=height
if point:
x, y = point[0], point[1]
else:
x, y = (s.master.winfo_screenwidth() - width)/2, (s.master.winfo_screenheight() - height)/2
s.master.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, x, y)) #窗口位置居中
s.master.after(300, s._main_judge)
s.master.deiconify()
s.master.focus_set()
s.master.wait_window() #这里应该使用wait_window挂起窗口，如果使用mainloop,可能会导致主程序很多错误
def __get_calendar(s, locale, fwday):
if locale is None:
return calendar.TextCalendar(fwday)
else:
return calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(fwday, locale)
def __setitem__(s, item, value):
if item in ('year', 'month'):
raise AttributeError("attribute '%s' is not writeable" % item)
elif item == 'selectbackground':
s._canvas['background'] = value
elif item == 'selectforeground':
s._canvas.itemconfigure(s._canvas.text, item=value)
else:
s.G_Frame.__setitem__(s, item, value)
def __getitem__(s, item):
if item in ('year', 'month'):
return getattr(s._date, item)
elif item == 'selectbackground':
return s._canvas['background']
elif item == 'selectforeground':
return s._canvas.itemcget(s._canvas.text, 'fill')
else:
r = ttk.tclobjs_to_py({item: ttk.Frame.__getitem__(s, item)})
return r[item]
def __setup_styles(s):
# 自定义TTK风格
style = ttk.Style(s.master)
arrow_layout = lambda dir: (
[('Button.focus', {'children': [('Button.%sarrow' % dir, None)]})]
)
style.layout('L.TButton', arrow_layout('left'))
style.layout('R.TButton', arrow_layout('right'))
def __place_widgets(s):
# 标头框架及其小部件
Input_judgment_num = s.master.register(s.Input_judgment) # 需要将函数包装一下，必要的
hframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame)
gframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame)
bframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame)
hframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, side='top', pady=5, anchor='center')
gframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, fill=tk.X, pady=5)
bframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, side='bottom', pady=5)
lbtn = ttk.Button(hframe, style='L.TButton', command=s._prev_month)
lbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=0, row=0, padx=12)
rbtn = ttk.Button(hframe, style='R.TButton', command=s._next_month)
rbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=5, row=0, padx=12)
s.CB_year = ttk.Combobox(hframe, width = 5, values = [str(year) for year in range(datetime.now().year, datetime.now().year-11,-1)], validate = 'key', validatecommand = (Input_judgment_num, '%P'))
s.CB_year.current(0)
s.CB_year.grid(in_=hframe, column=1, row=0)
s.CB_year.bind('', lambda event:s._update(event, True))
s.CB_year.bind("<>", s._update)
tk.Label(hframe, text = '年', justify = 'left').grid(in_=hframe, column=2, row=0, padx=(0,5))
s.CB_month = ttk.Combobox(hframe, width = 3, values = ['%02d' % month for month in range(1,13)], state = 'readonly')
s.CB_month.current(datetime.now().month - 1)
s.CB_month.grid(in_=hframe, column=3, row=0)
s.CB_month.bind("<>", s._update)
tk.Label(hframe, text = '月', justify = 'left').grid(in_=hframe, column=4, row=0)
# 日历部件
s._calendar = ttk.Treeview(gframe, show='', selectmode='none', height=7)
s._calendar.pack(expand=1, fill='both', side='bottom', padx=5)
ttk.Button(bframe, text = "确 定", width = 6, command = lambda: s._exit(True)).grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = 'ns', padx = 20)
ttk.Button(bframe, text = "取 消", width = 6, command = s._exit).grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'ne', padx = 20)
tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200)
tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 198/200, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200)
tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1)
tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 198/200, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1)
def __config_calendar(s):
# cols = s._cal.formatweekheader(3).split()
cols = ['日','一','二','三','四','五','六']
s._calendar['columns'] = cols
s._calendar.tag_configure('header', background='grey90')
s._calendar.insert('', 'end', values=cols, tag='header')
# 调整其列宽
font = tkFont.Font()
maxwidth = max(font.measure(col) for col in cols)
for col in cols:
s._calendar.column(col, width=maxwidth, minwidth=maxwidth,
anchor='center')
def __setup_selection(s, sel_bg, sel_fg):
def __canvas_forget(evt):
canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = None
s._font = tkFont.Font()
s._canvas = canvas = tk.Canvas(s._calendar, background=sel_bg, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.text = canvas.create_text(0, 0, fill=sel_fg, anchor='w')
canvas.bind('', __canvas_forget)
s._calendar.bind('', __canvas_forget)
s._calendar.bind('', s._pressed)
def _build_calendar(s):
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
header = s._cal.formatmonthname(year, month, 0)
# 更新日历显示的日期
cal = s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month)
for indx, item in enumerate(s._items):
week = cal[indx] if indx < len(cal) else []
fmt_week = [('%02d' % day) if day else '' for day in week]
s._calendar.item(item, values=fmt_week)
def _show_select(s, text, bbox):
x, y, width, height = bbox
textw = s._font.measure(text)
canvas = s._canvas
canvas.configure(width = width, height = height)
canvas.coords(canvas.text, (width - textw)/2, height / 2 - 1)
canvas.itemconfigure(canvas.text, text=text)
canvas.place(in_=s._calendar, x=x, y=y)
def _pressed(s, evt = None, item = None, column = None, widget = None):
"""在日历的某个地方点击。"""
if not item:
x, y, widget = evt.x, evt.y, evt.widget
item = widget.identify_row(y)
column = widget.identify_column(x)
if not column or not item in s._items:
# 在工作日行中单击或仅在列外单击。
return
item_values = widget.item(item)['values']
if not len(item_values): # 这个月的行是空的。
return
text = item_values[int(column[1]) - 1]
if not text:
return
bbox = widget.bbox(item, column)
if not bbox: # 日历尚不可见
s.master.after(20, lambda : s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = widget))
return
text = '%02d' % text
s._selection = (text, item, column)
s._show_select(text, bbox)
def _prev_month(s):
"""更新日历以显示前一个月。"""
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = None
s._date = s._date - timedelta(days=1)
s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1)
s.CB_year.set(s._date.year)
s.CB_month.set(s._date.month)
s._update()
def _next_month(s):
"""更新日历以显示下一个月。"""
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = None
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
s._date = s._date + timedelta(
days=calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1] + 1)
s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1)
s.CB_year.set(s._date.year)
s.CB_month.set(s._date.month)
s._update()
def _update(s, event = None, key = None):
"""刷新界面"""
if key and event.keysym != 'Return': return
year = int(s.CB_year.get())
month = int(s.CB_month.get())
if year == 0 or year > 9999: return
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._date = datetime(year, month, 1)
s._build_calendar() # 重建日历
if year == datetime.now().year and month == datetime.now().month:
day = datetime.now().day
for _item, day_list in enumerate(s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month)):
if day in day_list:
item = 'I00' + str(_item + 2)
column = '#' + str(day_list.index(day)+1)
s.master.after(100, lambda :s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = s._calendar))
def _exit(s, confirm = False):
if not confirm: s._selection = None
s.master.destroy()
def _main_judge(s):
"""判断窗口是否在最顶层"""
try:
if s.master.focus_displayof() == None or 'toplevel' not in str(s.master.focus_displayof()): s._exit()
else: s.master.after(10, s._main_judge)
except:
s.master.after(10, s._main_judge)
def selection(s):
"""返回表示当前选定日期的日期时间。"""
if not s._selection: return None
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
return str(datetime(year, month, int(s._selection[0])))[:10]
def Input_judgment(s, content):
"""输入判断"""
if content.isdigit() or content == "":
return True
else:
return False 如何使用这个类呢？直接调用即可，什么参数都不用。如图
直接调用这个类，就出现了一个选择器
其实你也可以用参数，比如Calendar(100,100)，这个参数是调整选择器的坐标位置的，问题是没啥用，没有参数选择器就出现在了屏幕的正中央，凑合用吧。
显然，仅仅这样是不足以实用的，于是我又封装了一个datepicker类，需要调用Calendar类
class datepicker:
def __init__(s,window,axes): #窗口对象 坐标
s.window=window
s.frame=tk.Frame(s.window,padx=5)
s.frame.grid(row=axes[0],column=axes[1])
s.start_date=tk.StringVar() #开始日期
s.end_date=tk.StringVar() #结束日期
s.bt1=tk.Button(s.frame,text='开始',command=lambda:s.getdate('start')) #开始按钮
s.bt1.grid(row=0,column=0)
s.ent1=tk.Entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.start_date) #开始输入框
s.ent1.grid(row=0,column=1)
s.bt2=tk.Button(s.frame,text='结束',command=lambda:s.getdate('end'))
s.bt2.grid(row=0,column=2)
s.ent2=tk.Entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.end_date)
s.ent2.grid(row=0,column=3)
def getdate(s,type): #获取选择的日期
for date in [Calendar().selection()]:
if date:
if(type=='start'): #如果是开始按钮，就赋值给开始日期
s.start_date.set(date)
elif(type=='end'):
s.end_date.set(date)
#执行
if __name__ == '__main__':
window=tk.Tk()
window.wm_attributes('-topmost',True) #窗口置顶
tk.Label(window,text='日期段一:').grid(row=0,column=0)
obj=datepicker(window,(0,1)) #初始化类为对象
startstamp1=obj.start_date.get() #获取开始时期
endstamp1=obj.end_date.get()
tk.Label(window,text='日期段二:').grid(row=1,column=0)
obj=datepicker(window,(1,1))
startstamp2=obj.start_date.get()
endstamp2=obj.end_date.get()
window.mainloop()执行效果如图：
目的是搞成一个日期段的效果。所以datepicker类里面包括了一个开始按钮，开始输入框，结束按钮，结束输入框。并把这四个
组件放在了一个frame里面。所以使用的时候，先建立一个window,然后把window以及frame的位置坐标传入datepicker类即可。比如datepicker(window,(1,1))
到此这篇关于怎么在Python中利用tkinter实现一个日期选择器的文章就介绍到这了，更多相关内容请搜索创新互联网站建设公司，以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持创新互联网站建设公司，！
当前文章：怎么在Python中利用tkinter实现一个日期选择器-创新互联
浏览地址：http://6mz.cn/article/ceeidd.html